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Pt Assess II Final > Chapter 17 - MSK > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

How are diseases of the MSK system divided?

A
  1. Systemic (RA, SLE, polymyositis)

2. Local (back pain, tennis elbow, arthritis)

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2
Q

Describe patients w/local MSK disease:

A

Basically healthy individuals who suffer restriction of motion and pain from a single area

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3
Q

Which system’s diseases rank 1st in cost to workers’ comp insurance carriers?

A

MSK

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4
Q

What disorder ranks 2nd to cardiac disease as a cause of limitation of activity?

A

Arthritis

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5
Q

What MSK disorders are extremely common (5+%) in 45+ yo?

A
  • Low back pain
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Tendinitis or bursitis
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6
Q

What MSK disorders are common (0.5-5% prevalence) in 45+ yo?

A
  • Gout
  • Fibromyalgia
  • RA
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7
Q

Define ganglion and what causes it

A
  • Cyst at a joint or in a tendon sheath (usually back of the hand or wrist)
  • Repetitive hand movements
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8
Q

Define tendonitis

A

Inflammation of area where muscle and tendon join

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9
Q

Define tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of tendons or tendon sheaths

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10
Q

What is the MC MSK disorder in the world?

A

Osteoporosis

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11
Q

Describe Paget’s disease of the bone

A
  • Disrupts normal architecture of bone

- Weakens bone

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12
Q

Define symphysis

A

Slightly movable joint

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13
Q

MC type of joint?

A

Synovial (movable)

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14
Q

How are synovial joints classified?

A

By movement

  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Condyloid
  • Saddle
  • Ball and socket
  • Plane
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15
Q

What type of movement does a hinge joint permit?

A

Only transverse axis - flexion or extension

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16
Q

What type of movement does a pivot joint permit?

A

Rotation in longitudinal axis

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17
Q

What type of movement does a condyloid joint permit?

A

Movement in 2 axes (oval articular surfaces, long and short diameters)

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18
Q

Which type of joint is also called “egg in spoon” joints and why?

A

Condyloid

-Articular surfaces are oval

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19
Q

What type of movement does saddle joint allow?

A

Movement in 2 axes (articular surfaces are saddle shaped)

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20
Q

What types of joints allow biaxial movement?

A

Condyloid and saddle joints (synovial)

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21
Q

What are polyaxial joints?

A

Motion is possible in many axes

  • Ball and socket
  • Plane
22
Q

What type of movement does a plane joint allow?

A

Polyaxial

23
Q

Stability of a joint depends on what?

A
  • Shape of articular surfaces
  • Ligaments
  • Associated muscles
24
Q

Define valgus deformity

A

Distal portion of the bone is displaced away from midline

knock knees

25
Q

Define varus deformity

A

Distal portion of bone is displaced toward midline (bow leg)

26
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone?

A

Calcaneus

27
Q

Define migratory polyarthritis

A

One joint is affected, disease subsides, then another joint becomes involved

28
Q

Proximal muscle weakness is usually a ____ while distal weakness is usually a ____

A

Proximal - myopathy

Distal - neuropathy

29
Q

Define crepitus

A

Palpable crunching sensation

30
Q

What is impingement syndrome also known as?

A

Rotator cuff tendinitis

31
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Frozen shoulder

32
Q

What is de Quervain’s disease?

A

Tenosynovitis of thumb abductors and extensors

33
Q

What is the Trendelenburg test used to detect?

A

Disorder between pelvis and femur

34
Q

What is a positive Trendelenburg test?

A

Standing on bad leg, pelvis on opposite side falls

35
Q

What is hemarthrosis?

A

Swelling of knee indicating synovial effusion or bleeding into the joint

36
Q

What is a cavus foot?

A

Abnormally high arch

37
Q

What is the Thompson-Doherty squeeze test?

A
  • Test of Achilles tendon
  • Squeeze calf
  • Normally, plantar flexion occurs
  • Ruptured Achilles produces little or no motion of foot
38
Q

Where is the MC place for Achilles tendon rupture?

A

1 to 2 inches proximal to its insertion on calcaneus

in poorest blood supply region “watershed area”

39
Q

What is the “watershed area”?

A
  • Region of poorest blood supply of the Achilles

- 1 to 2 inches proximal to insertion on calcaneus

40
Q

What is podagra?

A

Acute attack of gout that manifests in first MTP joint

41
Q

What are the 2 main deformities of RA?

A

Swan neck

Boutonniere

42
Q

Describe swan neck deformity

A
  • Occurs w/RA
  • Caused by shortening of interosseous muscles
  • Hyperextension of PIPs
  • Flexion of DIPs
43
Q

Describe boutonniere deformity

A
  • Occurs w/RA
  • Flexion of PIPs
  • Hyperextension of DIPs
44
Q

What is arthritis mutilans?

A

Most deforming type of psoriatic arthritis

45
Q

What is opera glass deformity?

A
  • Telescoping of digits

- Caused by osteolysis of phalangeal and MCP joints

46
Q

MC causes of plantar fasciitis

A
  • Overpronation
  • Foot w/high arch
  • Sudden increase in exercise
  • Excessive weight on foot
  • Improperly fitting shoes
47
Q

What is Potts test?

A
  • Heel of each hand is used to compress tibia against fibula at a point midway up the leg
  • Pain in ankle is positive for sprain
48
Q

What is a Maisonneuve fracture?

A

High fibular spiral fracture resulting from ER of ankle

49
Q

What is Mulder’s sign?

A

Audible click w/Morton’s neuroma

50
Q

Describe Hammer toes

A

Flexion contracture of PIPs of 1 or more lesser toes

51
Q

Limitus vs. rigidus

A
  • Limitus refers to decreased motion of a joint early on

- Rigidus refers to little joint motion (later stage)

Pt Assess II Final (17 decks)

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