neck Flashcards
when does the thyroid gland develop in utero
3rd week
location of the thyroid
ant. to trachea
superior extension of the ithmus is called
pyramidal lobe
the hypothalamus produces what
thyroid releasing hormone
the pituitary gland produces what
thyroid stimulating hormone
what is a colloid composed of
proteins and hormones
t4
thyroxine
t3
triiodothyronine
what does the thyroid utilize to produce t3 and t4
iodine
most abundant hormone produced by the thyroid
t4
strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid) relation to thyroid
ant to each lobe
sternocleidomastoid muscles relationship to thyroid
lateral to each lobe
longus colli muscles relationship to thyroid
post. to each lobe
esophagus most often seen
left side post.
most medial vessel to the thyroid
common carotid artery
first branch of the external carotid artery
sup. thyroid artery
normal thyroid length
4 to 6 cm
normal thyroid width
2 to 3 cm
normal ithmus
2 to 6mm
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
causes of goiter
iodine deficiency
graves disease
thyroiditis
what does the ithmus measure with goiter
> 10mm
sono findings of goiter
heterogenous texture
multiple cystic nodules w/ solid components
most common cause of hyperthyroid
graves disease
clinical findings of graves disease
bulging eyes
heat intolerance
nervousness
weight loss
hair loss
sono findings of graves disease
hetero texture
thyroid inferno (hypervascularity)
enlarged
most common cause of HYPO thyroid
hashimotos
clinical findings of hashimotos
depression
increased cold sensitivity
elevated cholesterol
weight gain
sono of a hashimotos thyroid gland
mild enlargement
hetero
hypervascular
most common form of thyroid cancer
papillary thyroid cancer
most common benign thyroid nodule
adenoma
malignant nodule characteristics
hypo mass
micro calcs
solitary mass
lymph enlargements
“cold nodule” on nuclear study
benign nodule characteristics
cyst <5mm
cystic components
hyper mass
“hot nodule” on nuclear study
parathyroid glands serve as …
calcium regulators
elevated PTH and calcium levels is indicative of
parathyroid adenoma
common locations of parathyroid glands
posterior aspect of mid lobes
inferior to each lobe
normal measurement of lymph nodes
<1 cm
normal sono appearance of a lymph node
echogenic center
oblonged shape
abnormal lymph appearance
> 1 cm
calcs
loss of fatty hilum
rounded shape!!
where are thyroglossal duct cyst located
superior to the thyroid, midline of the neck
near hyoid bone
branchial cyst location
near angle of mandible
how many parathyroid glands are involved in parathyroid hyperplasia
4
hyperparathyroidism is caused by the enlargement of how many parathyroid glands
1
what vessel is seen through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine
vertebral artery
the thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery
subclavian
Where do pheochrmocytomas arise from
The medulla
