MSK and superficial imaging Flashcards
what do tendons connect
muscles to bone
what do ligaments connect
bone to bone
muscle appearance on u.s
hypoechoic tissue w/ echogenic linear strands
cause of tendonitis
over use or strain
diffuse tendonitis on ultrasound
thickened and hypo tendon
hyperemic flow
fluid
focal tendonitis on u.s
localized enlarged hypo area within in tendon
hyperemic flow
fluid
fluid in the synovial sheath is often indicative of
tendosynovitis
tendonitis clinical findings
pain
painful region
warm to touch
acoustic shadowing caused by a bend of sound at the edge of a curved reflector is
refractive shadowing
clinical findings of a tendon rupture
pain
edema
swelling
sono findings of a partial tendon rupture
focal hypo area within tendon
sono findings of tendon complete rupture
anechoic or hetero
most commonly insured ankle tendon
achilles tendon
what does the achilles tendon connect
calf muscle to heel
thompson test
patient prone
calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient without a tear of the achilles tendon
baker cyst result from
accumulation of synovial fluid from weakening in the joint capsule
pannus
tissue flap
where are baker cyst located
popliteal fossa
common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist
ganglion cyst
sono of ganglion cyst
incompressible
anechoic mass
clinical findings of ganglion cyst
hard to touch
painful
lipoma
benign fatty tumor
lipomas on sono may appear as…
iso
hypo
hyperechoic
cellulitis
infection and inflammation of the skin
cellulitis is most often caused by
staph and strep bacteria
cellulitis on sono
hypo tissue
edematous strands within soft tissue
superficial abscess on sono
peripheral rim of hyperemia and complex
metallic objects cause what kind of artifact
comet tail
air at the site of a foreign body can cause
ambiguity artifact
tendosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath
where are the parotid glands located
between the external auditory canals and inferior edge of the mandible
normal lymph node in a breast
small
ovoid
hypo rim
echogenic hilum
where will you look to rule out a rectus sheath hematoma
mid abd wall
accuracy of ultrasound for telling a cyst and solid lesion apart
96-100%
where is a carotid body tumor located
level of the carotid bifurcation
what constitutes the terminal ductal lobular unit in the breast
lobule w/ its terminal branches
short intralobular
longer extralobular duct
normal sono appearance of muscle
echogenic fibers against hypo backround
sono appearance of peripheral nerve
hyperechoic structure with parallel internal linear echoes
what causes false hypoechogenicity of a tendon
oblique incidence of the beam to the tendon
most common artifact seen w/ complete tendon tears
refractile shadowing
layers of the abd muscles
- external oblique
- internal olblique
- tranvs abd
- peritonium
tinel positive sign
indicates carpal tunnel
injury to the nerve
ortolani manuever
hip manuever for infants
a clunk indicates hip dislocation
hemoptysis refers to
coughing up blood from the lungs
normal thickness of the achilles tendon
5-7 mm
the achilles tendon should be evaluated in what plane
trans
what is allis sign in hip dysplasia
visual shortening of the femur when hips and knees are flexed
sjogren syndrome effects the
salivary glands and reduces salivary and tear production
hypernatremia
high sodium
