MSK and superficial imaging

Question 1

what do tendons connect

Answer 1

muscles to bone

Question 2

what do ligaments connect

Answer 2

bone to bone

Question 3

muscle appearance on u.s

Answer 3

hypoechoic tissue w/ echogenic linear strands

Question 4

cause of tendonitis

Answer 4

over use or strain

Question 5

diffuse tendonitis on ultrasound

Answer 5

thickened and hypo tendon
hyperemic flow
fluid

Question 6

focal tendonitis on u.s

Answer 6

localized enlarged hypo area within in tendon
hyperemic flow
fluid

Question 7

fluid in the synovial sheath is often indicative of

Answer 7

tendosynovitis

Question 8

tendonitis clinical findings

Answer 8

pain
painful region
warm to touch

Question 9

acoustic shadowing caused by a bend of sound at the edge of a curved reflector is

Answer 9

refractive shadowing

Question 10

clinical findings of a tendon rupture

Answer 10

pain
edema
swelling

Question 11

sono findings of a partial tendon rupture

Answer 11

focal hypo area within tendon

Question 12

sono findings of tendon complete rupture

Answer 12

anechoic or hetero

Question 13

most commonly insured ankle tendon

Answer 13

achilles tendon

Question 14

what does the achilles tendon connect

Answer 14

calf muscle to heel

Question 15

thompson test

Answer 15

patient prone
calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient without a tear of the achilles tendon

Question 16

baker cyst result from

Answer 16

accumulation of synovial fluid from weakening in the joint capsule

Question 17

pannus

Answer 17

tissue flap

Question 18

where are baker cyst located

Answer 18

popliteal fossa

Question 19

common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist

Answer 19

ganglion cyst

Question 20

sono of ganglion cyst

Answer 20

incompressible
anechoic mass

Question 21

clinical findings of ganglion cyst

Answer 21

hard to touch
painful

Question 22

lipoma

Answer 22

benign fatty tumor

Question 23

lipomas on sono may appear as…

Answer 23

iso
hypo
hyperechoic

Question 24

cellulitis

Answer 24

infection and inflammation of the skin

Question 25

cellulitis is most often caused by

Answer 25

staph and strep bacteria

Question 26

cellulitis on sono

Answer 26

hypo tissue edematous strands within soft tissue

Question 27

superficial abscess on sono

Answer 27

peripheral rim of hyperemia and complex

Question 28

metallic objects cause what kind of artifact

Answer 28

comet tail

Question 29

air at the site of a foreign body can cause

Answer 29

ambiguity artifact

Question 30

tendosynovitis

Answer 30

inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath

Question 31

where are the parotid glands located

Answer 31

between the external auditory canals and inferior edge of the mandible

Question 32

normal lymph node in a breast

Answer 32

small ovoid hypo rim echogenic hilum

Question 33

where will you look to rule out a rectus sheath hematoma

Answer 33

mid abd wall

Question 34

accuracy of ultrasound for telling a cyst and solid lesion apart

Answer 34

96-100%

Question 35

where is a carotid body tumor located

Answer 35

level of the carotid bifurcation

Question 36

what constitutes the terminal ductal lobular unit in the breast

Answer 36

lobule w/ its terminal branches short intralobular longer extralobular duct

Question 37

normal sono appearance of muscle

Answer 37

echogenic fibers against hypo backround

Question 38

sono appearance of peripheral nerve

Answer 38

hyperechoic structure with parallel internal linear echoes

Question 39

what causes false hypoechogenicity of a tendon

Answer 39

oblique incidence of the beam to the tendon

Question 40

most common artifact seen w/ complete tendon tears

Answer 40

refractile shadowing

Question 41

layers of the abd muscles

Answer 41

1. external oblique 2. internal olblique 3. tranvs abd 4. peritonium

Question 42

tinel positive sign

Answer 42

indicates carpal tunnel injury to the nerve

Question 43

ortolani manuever

Answer 43

hip manuever for infants a clunk indicates hip dislocation

Question 44

hemoptysis refers to

Answer 44

coughing up blood from the lungs

Question 45

normal thickness of the achilles tendon

Answer 45

5-7 mm

Question 46

the achilles tendon should be evaluated in what plane

Answer 46

trans

Question 47

what is allis sign in hip dysplasia

Answer 47

visual shortening of the femur when hips and knees are flexed

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

sjogren syndrome effects the

Answer 50

salivary glands and reduces salivary and tear production

Question 51

hypernatremia

Answer 51

high sodium