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Abdominal Boards Review > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

bacteruria assoc. w/

A

acute pylonephritits
UTI

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2
Q

pyuria assoc. w/

A

UTI

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3
Q

hematuria assoc. w/

A

acute/ chronic pyelonephritis
RCC or hypernephroma
infarction
trauma
calculi

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4
Q

proteinuria assoc. w/

A

benign & malignant masses
glomerulonephritis
infection
necrosis
acute/chronic pyelonephritis
caculi

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5
Q

abnormal urine PH

A

calculi

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6
Q

low specific gravity

A

renal failure and pylenophrititis

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7
Q

high specific gravity

A

dehydration

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8
Q

what pathology has elevated BUN

A

renal failure
parenchymal disease
obstruction
dehydration
diabetes mellitus
hemorrhage

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9
Q

what pathologies have a reduced BUN

A

liver disease and failure
malnutrition
over hydration
smoking
pregnancy

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10
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

the nephron

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11
Q

where do the kidneys initially develop

A

the pelvis

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12
Q

most common location for an ectopic kidney

A

the pelvis

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13
Q

name of the pararenal fat layer covers the

A

gerotas fascia

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14
Q

the renal sinus contains the

A

collecting system, major and minor calyces and infundibula

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15
Q

branching of the arteries in the kidney

A

segmental
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
afferent

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16
Q

which is more ant the left renal vein or artery

A

the vein

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17
Q

the most common cause of acute renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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18
Q

clincal findings of acute renal failure

A

elevated BUN/creatnine
oliguria
hypertension
leukocytosis
hematuria
edema
hypovolemia

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19
Q

sono appearance of ARF

A

normal
may appear echogenic

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20
Q

most common cause of chronic renal failure

A

diabetes mellutis

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21
Q

CRF (chronic renal failure) can lead to

A

end stage renal disease

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22
Q

clinical findngs of CRF

A

diabetes
malaise
elevated bun/creatinine
fatigue
hypertension
hyperkalemia (high potassium)

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23
Q

sono appearance of CRF

A

small echogenic kidneys
loss of cortico medullary differentiation
renal cyst

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24
Q

other causes of CRF

A

chronic pyleneophritits
glomerulonephritits
obstruction
tuberculosis

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25
locations a simple cyst can be
peripelvic parapelvic exophytic cortical
26
a cyst with nodules, papillary projections, septations in the kidneys is suspicious for
RCC
27
hemorrhagic renal cyst clinical findings
trauma hematuria flank pain
28
hemorrhagic renal cyst sono appearance
depends on stage
29
infection renal cyst clinical findings
uti fever flank pain hematuria leukocytosis
30
infected renal cyst sono appearance
thick walls internal debris
31
milk of calcium cyst
asymptomatic within the cyst calcification
32
renal cyst with internal calcifications
history of infected or hemorrhage cyst
33
when does symptoms of autosomal dominant start to manifest
3rd or 4th decade of life
34
clinical findings ADPKD
decreased renal function uti calculi pain hematuria hypertension
35
sono appearance ADPKD
bilateral enlarged kidneys with cortical renal cyst
36
ARPKD clinical findings
infantile renal failure hepatic disease
37
ARPKD on sono
bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys loss of corticomedullary differentiation
38
how is ARPKD characterized
dilatation of the renal collecting tubules
39
unilateral MCDK clinical findings
asymptomatic hypertension restricted grow in children
40
is there functioning kidney tissue with MCDK
noooo
41
sono findings of MCDK
compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney non communicating cyst small kidneys in adults
42
acquired renal cystic disease is often the result of
chronic hemodialysis
43
people who have acquired renal cystic disease are at risk for what cancer
RCC
44
initial sono appearance of acquired renal cystic disease
small
45
sono appearance after some time of acquired renal cystic disease
enlarged with small numerous small cyst
46
von hippel lindau symdrome
tumors of the central nervous system
47
von hippel lindau symdrome increases the risk of
rcc cyst pheochromocytomas
48
what is pheochromocytoma
a benign adrenal tumor assoc. w/ uncontrollable hypertension
49
tuberous sclerosis is...
the development of tumors within organs
50
tuberous sclerosis is assoc. w/
angiomyolipomas
51
clinical findings of tuberous sclerosis
epilepsy skin lesions
52
sono appearance of tuberous sclerosis
bilateral cyst bilateral angiomyolipomas
53
acute pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by
lower urinary tract infections
54
complications of acute pyelonephritis
pyonephrosis xantrogranulomastous emphysematous pyelonephritis
55
clinical findings of acute pyelonephritis
flank pain pyuria bacteruria leukocytosis dysuria urinary frequency
56
sono findings off acute pyelonephritis
may appear normal renal enlargment focal areas of altered echo texture compression of renal sinus
57
dysuria
painful urination
58
oliguria
decreased urine output
59
pyonephrosis
pus within collecting system caused by infection/obstruction
60
pyonephrosis clinical findings
pyuria bateruria fever flank pain ^ WBC
61
perinephric abscess is a
collection of purulent material that has leaked through the capsule
62
perinephric abscess sono
depends on contents gas shadows or dirty shadowing
63
emphysematous pyelonephritis occurs more often in patients who are
diabetic and immunocompromised
64
emphysematous pyelonephritis sono appearance
gas within renal parenchyma dirty shadowing
65
most common bacteria that causes emphysematous pyelonephritis
escherichia coli
66
the most common cause of fungal uti
candida albicans
67
clinical findings of renal fungal disease
diabetes. iv drug use, chronic catheter use, immunocompromised flank pain fever chills
68
sono findings of renal fungal disease
fungal balls hyperechoic non shadowing mobile structure within collecting system
69
glomerulonephritis can be caused by
a throat infection or an auto immune disease
70
normal kidney length
8-13 cm
71
normal kidney width
4-5 cm
72
normal kidney AP
2-4 cm
73
fat layer that cushions the kidney
perirenal perinephric fat
74
clinical findings of tuberous sclerosis
pt presents w/ mental retardation seizures and lesions
75
wilms tumor
abd mass in children
76
angiomyolipoma
normal lab values benign masss
77
oncocytoma
asymptomatic mass w/ spoke wheel patterns
78
glomerulonephritis clinical findings
hypertension anemia peripheral edema
79
glomerulonephritis sono findings
^ cortical echoes
80
lupus nephritis on sono
increased corticol echoes and renal atrophy
81
lupus nephritis clinical findings
hematuria proteinuria renal vein thrombus renal insufficiency
82
renal sinus lipomatosis S&S
asymptomatic
83
renal sinus lipomatosis sono findings
enlarged kidneys ^ echoes of renal sinus decreased parenchyma
84
acute tubular necrosis S&S
hematuria renal insufficiency
85
acute tubular necrosis on sono
bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ hyperechoic pyramids
86
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis S&S
non functioning kidneys
87
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis sono findings
destruction of parenchyma increase and echoes dilated calyces
88
RCC clinical findings
hematuria weight loss flank pain fatigue hypertension
89
RCC sono findings
complex mass displace renal pyramids irregular margins
90
TCC sono findings
solid hyperechoic mass found in the sinus
91
RENAL lymphoma more common in pt's w/
non hodgkins lymphoma
92
hypertensive nephropathy on sono
small kidneys w/ smooth borders
93
most bladder cancers are what type
transitional cell carcinoma
94
cystitis causes
benign/malignant masses pregnancy neurogenic bladder calculi trauma tuberculosis
95
the true capsule
inner layer that surrounds the kidney is a fibrous capsule
96
the perinephric fascia covers the
perinephric fat kidneys adrenal glands
97
gerotas fascia surrounds
true capsule perinephric fat
98
bladder diverticulum
herniation of the bladder wall
99
organs in anterior pararenal space
panc asc. and trans colon duodenal sweep
100
organs in perirenal space
kidneys adrenal glands ureter great vessels
101
post. pararenal space
blood lymph nodes
102
Renal vein thrombosis will show on sono..
Increased kidney size Hypo cortex Diastolic flow reversal
103
What anuerysm is assoc. w/ PCKD
Intracranial berry
104
A mycetoma appears on sono as
Hyperechoic mass that does not shaodw
105
Children w/ beckwith wiedeman syndrome are as increase risk of developing
Nephroblastoma

Abdominal Boards Review (9 decks)

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