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Abdominal Boards Review > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

bacteruria assoc. w/

A

acute pylonephritits
UTI

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2
Q

pyuria assoc. w/

A

UTI

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3
Q

hematuria assoc. w/

A

acute/ chronic pyelonephritis
RCC or hypernephroma
infarction
trauma
calculi

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4
Q

proteinuria assoc. w/

A

benign & malignant masses
glomerulonephritis
infection
necrosis
acute/chronic pyelonephritis
caculi

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5
Q

abnormal urine PH

A

calculi

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6
Q

low specific gravity

A

renal failure and pylenophrititis

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7
Q

high specific gravity

A

dehydration

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8
Q

what pathology has elevated BUN

A

renal failure
parenchymal disease
obstruction
dehydration
diabetes mellitus
hemorrhage

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9
Q

what pathologies have a reduced BUN

A

liver disease and failure
malnutrition
over hydration
smoking
pregnancy

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10
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

the nephron

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11
Q

where do the kidneys initially develop

A

the pelvis

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12
Q

most common location for an ectopic kidney

A

the pelvis

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13
Q

name of the pararenal fat layer covers the

A

gerotas fascia

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14
Q

the renal sinus contains the

A

collecting system, major and minor calyces and infundibula

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15
Q

branching of the arteries in the kidney

A

segmental
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
afferent

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16
Q

which is more ant the left renal vein or artery

A

the vein

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17
Q

the most common cause of acute renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

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18
Q

clincal findings of acute renal failure

A

elevated BUN/creatnine
oliguria
hypertension
leukocytosis
hematuria
edema
hypovolemia

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19
Q

sono appearance of ARF

A

normal
may appear echogenic

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20
Q

most common cause of chronic renal failure

A

diabetes mellutis

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21
Q

CRF (chronic renal failure) can lead to

A

end stage renal disease

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22
Q

clinical findngs of CRF

A

diabetes
malaise
elevated bun/creatinine
fatigue
hypertension
hyperkalemia (high potassium)

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23
Q

sono appearance of CRF

A

small echogenic kidneys
loss of cortico medullary differentiation
renal cyst

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24
Q

other causes of CRF

A

chronic pyleneophritits
glomerulonephritits
obstruction
tuberculosis

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25
Q

locations a simple cyst can be

A

peripelvic
parapelvic
exophytic
cortical

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26
Q

a cyst with nodules, papillary projections, septations in the kidneys is suspicious for

A

RCC

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27
Q

hemorrhagic renal cyst clinical findings

A

trauma
hematuria
flank pain

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28
Q

hemorrhagic renal cyst sono appearance

A

depends on stage

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29
Q

infection renal cyst clinical findings

A

uti
fever
flank pain
hematuria
leukocytosis

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30
Q

infected renal cyst sono appearance

A

thick walls
internal debris

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31
Q

milk of calcium cyst

A

asymptomatic
within the cyst calcification

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32
Q

renal cyst with internal calcifications

A

history of infected or hemorrhage cyst

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33
Q

when does symptoms of autosomal dominant start to manifest

A

3rd or 4th decade of life

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34
Q

clinical findings ADPKD

A

decreased renal function
uti
calculi
pain
hematuria
hypertension

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35
Q

sono appearance ADPKD

A

bilateral enlarged kidneys with cortical renal cyst

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36
Q

ARPKD clinical findings

A

infantile
renal failure
hepatic disease

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37
Q

ARPKD on sono

A

bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys
loss of corticomedullary differentiation

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38
Q

how is ARPKD characterized

A

dilatation of the renal collecting tubules

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39
Q

unilateral MCDK clinical findings

A

asymptomatic
hypertension
restricted grow in children

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40
Q

is there functioning kidney tissue with MCDK

A

noooo

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41
Q

sono findings of MCDK

A

compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney
non communicating cyst
small kidneys in adults

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42
Q

acquired renal cystic disease is often the result of

A

chronic hemodialysis

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43
Q

people who have acquired renal cystic disease are at risk for what cancer

44
Q

initial sono appearance of acquired renal cystic disease

45
Q

sono appearance after some time of acquired renal cystic disease

A

enlarged with small numerous small cyst

46
Q

von hippel lindau symdrome

A

tumors of the central nervous system

47
Q

von hippel lindau symdrome increases the risk of

A

rcc
cyst
pheochromocytomas

48
Q

what is pheochromocytoma

A

a benign adrenal tumor assoc. w/ uncontrollable hypertension

49
Q

tuberous sclerosis is…

A

the development of tumors within organs

50
Q

tuberous sclerosis is assoc. w/

A

angiomyolipomas

51
Q

clinical findings of tuberous sclerosis

A

epilepsy
skin lesions

52
Q

sono appearance of tuberous sclerosis

A

bilateral cyst
bilateral angiomyolipomas

53
Q

acute pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by

A

lower urinary tract infections

54
Q

complications of acute pyelonephritis

A

pyonephrosis
xantrogranulomastous
emphysematous pyelonephritis

55
Q

clinical findings of acute pyelonephritis

A

flank pain
pyuria
bacteruria
leukocytosis
dysuria
urinary frequency

56
Q

sono findings off acute pyelonephritis

A

may appear normal
renal enlargment
focal areas of altered echo texture
compression of renal sinus

57
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

58
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urine output

59
Q

pyonephrosis

A

pus within collecting system
caused by infection/obstruction

60
Q

pyonephrosis clinical findings

A

pyuria
bateruria
fever
flank pain
^ WBC

61
Q

perinephric abscess is a

A

collection of purulent material that has leaked through the capsule

62
Q

perinephric abscess sono

A

depends on contents
gas shadows or dirty shadowing

63
Q

emphysematous pyelonephritis occurs more often in patients who are

A

diabetic and immunocompromised

64
Q

emphysematous pyelonephritis sono appearance

A

gas within renal parenchyma
dirty shadowing

65
Q

most common bacteria that causes emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

escherichia coli

66
Q

the most common cause of fungal uti

A

candida albicans

67
Q

clinical findings of renal fungal disease

A

diabetes. iv drug use, chronic catheter use, immunocompromised
flank pain
fever
chills

68
Q

sono findings of renal fungal disease

A

fungal balls
hyperechoic non shadowing mobile structure within collecting system

69
Q

glomerulonephritis can be caused by

A

a throat infection or an auto immune disease

70
Q

normal kidney length

71
Q

normal kidney width

72
Q

normal kidney AP

73
Q

fat layer that cushions the kidney

A

perirenal perinephric fat

74
Q

clinical findings of tuberous sclerosis

A

pt presents w/ mental retardation
seizures and lesions

75
Q

wilms tumor

A

abd mass in children

76
Q

angiomyolipoma

A

normal lab values
benign masss

77
Q

oncocytoma

A

asymptomatic
mass w/ spoke wheel patterns

78
Q

glomerulonephritis clinical findings

A

hypertension
anemia
peripheral edema

79
Q

glomerulonephritis sono findings

A

^ cortical echoes

80
Q

lupus nephritis on sono

A

increased corticol echoes and renal atrophy

81
Q

lupus nephritis clinical findings

A

hematuria
proteinuria
renal vein thrombus
renal insufficiency

82
Q

renal sinus lipomatosis S&S

A

asymptomatic

83
Q

renal sinus lipomatosis sono findings

A

enlarged kidneys ^ echoes of renal sinus
decreased parenchyma

84
Q

acute tubular necrosis S&S

A

hematuria
renal insufficiency

85
Q

acute tubular necrosis on sono

A

bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ hyperechoic pyramids

86
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis S&S

A

non functioning kidneys

87
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis sono findings

A

destruction of parenchyma
increase and echoes
dilated calyces

88
Q

RCC clinical findings

A

hematuria
weight loss
flank pain
fatigue
hypertension

89
Q

RCC sono findings

A

complex mass
displace renal pyramids
irregular margins

90
Q

TCC sono findings

A

solid hyperechoic mass found in the sinus

91
Q

RENAL lymphoma more common in pt’s w/

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

92
Q

hypertensive nephropathy on sono

A

small kidneys w/ smooth borders

93
Q

most bladder cancers are what type

A

transitional cell carcinoma

94
Q

cystitis causes

A

benign/malignant masses
pregnancy
neurogenic bladder
calculi
trauma
tuberculosis

95
Q

the true capsule

A

inner layer that surrounds the kidney is a fibrous capsule

96
Q

the perinephric fascia covers the

A

perinephric fat
kidneys
adrenal glands

97
Q

gerotas fascia surrounds

A

true capsule
perinephric fat

98
Q

bladder diverticulum

A

herniation of the bladder wall

99
Q

organs in anterior pararenal space

A

panc
asc. and trans colon
duodenal sweep

100
Q

organs in perirenal space

A

kidneys
adrenal glands
ureter
great vessels

101
Q

post. pararenal space

A

blood lymph nodes

102
Q

Renal vein thrombosis will show on sono..

A

Increased kidney size
Hypo cortex
Diastolic flow reversal

103
Q

What anuerysm is assoc. w/ PCKD

A

Intracranial berry

104
Q

A mycetoma appears on sono as

A

Hyperechoic mass that does not shaodw

105
Q

Children w/ beckwith wiedeman syndrome are as increase risk of developing

A

Nephroblastoma

Abdominal Boards Review (9 decks)

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