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Abdominal Boards Review > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

normal liver measurement

A

13-17 cm

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2
Q

what separates the right and left lobes

A

main lober fissure
middle hepatic vein

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3
Q

the separates the ant. and post. segments of the right lobe

A

right hepatic vein

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4
Q

what divides the left medial and left lateral segments of the left lobe

A

left hepatic vein / left intersegmental fissure

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5
Q

riedels lobe

A

tongue like projection of the right lobe

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6
Q

the borders the caudate lobe

A

ligament venosum

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7
Q

liver segment 1

A

caudate lobe

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8
Q

liver segment 2

A

LL sup.

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9
Q

liver segment 3

A

LL inf.

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10
Q

liver segment 4

A

medial segment

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11
Q

liver segment 5

A

anterior inf.

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12
Q

liver segment 6

A

post. inf.

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13
Q

liver segment 7

A

post superior

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14
Q

liver segment 8

A

ant. superior

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15
Q

the falciform divides the left lobe into

A

left medial and left lateral

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16
Q

job of the falciform ligament

A

connects anterior abd wall & diaphragm to liver

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17
Q

normal portal vein diameter

A

13 mm

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18
Q

what gets stored in the liver

A

glycogen
lipoproteins
triglycerides

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19
Q

what is prothrombin time

A

time it takes for the plasma of your blood to clot

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20
Q

albumin

A

plasma protein
important in maintenance of fluids in the body

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21
Q

what is bilirubin

A

product of red blood cell breakdown

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22
Q

when does indirect bilirubin increase in the blood

A

when more rbc are destroyed than the liver can process

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23
Q

when does direct bilirubin increased

A

when the liver cannot function to excrete its products
in cases of obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis

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24
Q

highest level of alt is with

A

acute hepatitis

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25
Q

elevated alp levels is a goood indicator for

A

biliary obstruction

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26
Q

causes of fatty liver

A

obesity
alcohol
diabetes
cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage disease
pcos

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27
Q

u.s appearance of fatty liver

A

increased echogenicity compared to renal cortex
decreased penetration

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28
Q

retroperitoneal organs
S A D P U C K E R

A

SUPERADRENAL GLANDS
AORTA/IVC
DUODENUM (2ND&3RD PART)
PANC
URETERS
COLON (ASCENDING/DESCENDING)
KIDNEYS
ESOPHAGUS
RECTUM

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29
Q

focal fatty infiltration common location

A

localized often in right lobe
hyper.

30
Q

focal fat sparing

A

usually around porta hepatis, gb, ligament teres
hypoechoic

31
Q

symptoms of acute hepatitis

A

ruq pain
fever
loss of appetite
diarrhea
n & v
jaundice

32
Q

lab results of acute hepatitis

A

elevated ast and alt
bilirubin and wbc

33
Q

how is hep b and c caused

A

blood transfusion
needles
unprotected sex
unsterile instruments

34
Q

hep c symptoms

A

80% asymptomatic
if symptoms then same as acute hepatitis

35
Q

hepatitis on u.s

A

“starry sky”
portal veins appear more echogenic
hypo and enlarged
gb wall thickening

36
Q

chronic hepatitis on sono.

A

coarse liver texture

37
Q

cirrhosis clinical findings

A

ascites
easily bruised
jaundice
weight loss
edema
portal htn
hepatosplenomegaly

38
Q

cirrhosis can be caused by

A

alcohol
hep b,c,d

39
Q

what happens to the caudate lobe during cirrhosis

A

increases in size

40
Q

what is glycogen storage disease

A

build up of glycogen in the bodys tissue
common tpye is von gierkes disease

41
Q

symptoms of glycogen storage disease

A

low blood sugar
hyperlipidemia
diarrhea
swollen abd

42
Q

glycogen storage disease assoc. w/

A

hepatic adenomas
FNH

43
Q

polycystic liver disease

A

liver enlarged
normal lfts
ruq pain
may have no symptoms

44
Q

hydatid cyst (echinococcal cyst) caused by

A

animal feces
tapeworm infection

45
Q

hydatid cyst on sono

A

water lily sign
daught cyst sign
honey comb sign

46
Q

majority of pyogenic abscess come from…

A

biliary tree
portal vein
hepatic artery diverticulitis
appendicitis

47
Q

pyogenic abscess clinical presentation

A

increased alk phos, alt ,ast, wbc
weight loss
fever
n & v

48
Q

amebic liver abscess

A

transmitted fecal to oral
reaches liver through portal vein from colon

49
Q

liver hematoma can be caused by

A

biopsy
surgery
ruptured mass
anticoagulants

50
Q

clinical findings of hematoma

A

dropped hematocrit
abd distention
ruq pain

51
Q

most common benign liver tumor

A

carvernous hemangioma

52
Q

FNH more common in women who

A

are under 40 due to hormones

53
Q

FNH on u.s

A

spoke wheel appearance
hypervascular

54
Q

hepatic adenoma more common in women who

A

take birth control
also seen in pt’s w/ glycogen storage disease

55
Q

most common liver cancer that affects children

A

hepatoblastoma

56
Q

hepatoblastoma lab findings

A

more common in boys
elevated afp
weight loss/jaundice
enlarged abd

57
Q

hepatoblastoma on u.s

A

solitary echogenic mass
irregular borders
usually in right lobe

58
Q

most common primary liver cancer

A

HCC

59
Q

HCC lab findings

A

elevated apf lft prothrombin time
weight loss
appetite loss
swelling

60
Q

HCC affects more patients w/

A

cirrhosis
hep. b and c

61
Q

liver mets labs

A

prolonged PT

62
Q

Another name for HCC

A

Hepatoma

63
Q

primary cause for allograft loss

A

rejection

64
Q

most common peritransplant fluid

A

lymphoceles

65
Q

Renal artery blood flow velocity exceeding 250 and Ra/iliac ratio above 3.0 suggest

A

stenosis

66
Q

what recanalizes with severe PHT

A

ligament teres or round ligament

67
Q

most common form of an AAA

A

fusiform

68
Q

where are most AAA along the aorta

A

infrarenal

69
Q

saccular AAA

A

often contains mural
abrupt outpouching

70
Q

the GDA is branch of the

A

CHA

71
Q

grey turner sign

A

left flank discoloration due to hemorrhagic pancreatitis

72
Q

cullen sign

A

umbilical discoloration due to intraperitoneal hemorrhagic

Abdominal Boards Review (9 decks)

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