Liver Flashcards by Kayla Morales

normal liver measurement

13-17 cm

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what separates the right and left lobes

main lober fissure
middle hepatic vein

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the separates the ant. and post. segments of the right lobe

right hepatic vein

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what divides the left medial and left lateral segments of the left lobe

left hepatic vein / left intersegmental fissure

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riedels lobe

tongue like projection of the right lobe

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the borders the caudate lobe

ligament venosum

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liver segment 1

caudate lobe

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liver segment 2

LL sup.

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liver segment 3

LL inf.

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liver segment 4

medial segment

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liver segment 5

anterior inf.

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liver segment 6

post. inf.

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liver segment 7

post superior

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liver segment 8

ant. superior

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the falciform divides the left lobe into

left medial and left lateral

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job of the falciform ligament

connects anterior abd wall & diaphragm to liver

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normal portal vein diameter

13 mm

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what gets stored in the liver

glycogen
lipoproteins
triglycerides

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what is prothrombin time

time it takes for the plasma of your blood to clot

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albumin

plasma protein
important in maintenance of fluids in the body

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what is bilirubin

product of red blood cell breakdown

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when does indirect bilirubin increase in the blood

when more rbc are destroyed than the liver can process

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when does direct bilirubin increased

when the liver cannot function to excrete its products
in cases of obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis

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highest level of alt is with

acute hepatitis

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elevated alp levels is a goood indicator for

biliary obstruction

causes of fatty liver

obesity alcohol diabetes cystic fibrosis glycogen storage disease pcos

u.s appearance of fatty liver

increased echogenicity compared to renal cortex decreased penetration

retroperitoneal organs S A D P U C K E R

SUPERADRENAL GLANDS AORTA/IVC DUODENUM (2ND&3RD PART) PANC URETERS COLON (ASCENDING/DESCENDING) KIDNEYS ESOPHAGUS RECTUM

focal fatty infiltration common location

localized often in right lobe hyper.

focal fat sparing

usually around porta hepatis, gb, ligament teres hypoechoic

symptoms of acute hepatitis

ruq pain fever loss of appetite diarrhea n & v jaundice

lab results of acute hepatitis

elevated ast and alt bilirubin and wbc

how is hep b and c caused

blood transfusion needles unprotected sex unsterile instruments

hep c symptoms

80% asymptomatic if symptoms then same as acute hepatitis

hepatitis on u.s

"starry sky" portal veins appear more echogenic hypo and enlarged gb wall thickening

chronic hepatitis on sono.

coarse liver texture

cirrhosis clinical findings

ascites easily bruised jaundice weight loss edema portal htn hepatosplenomegaly

cirrhosis can be caused by

alcohol hep b,c,d

what happens to the caudate lobe during cirrhosis

increases in size

what is glycogen storage disease

build up of glycogen in the bodys tissue common tpye is von gierkes disease

symptoms of glycogen storage disease

low blood sugar hyperlipidemia diarrhea swollen abd

glycogen storage disease assoc. w/

hepatic adenomas FNH

polycystic liver disease

liver enlarged normal lfts ruq pain may have no symptoms

hydatid cyst (echinococcal cyst) caused by

animal feces tapeworm infection

hydatid cyst on sono

water lily sign daught cyst sign honey comb sign

majority of pyogenic abscess come from...

biliary tree portal vein hepatic artery diverticulitis appendicitis

pyogenic abscess clinical presentation

increased alk phos, alt ,ast, wbc weight loss fever n & v

amebic liver abscess

transmitted fecal to oral reaches liver through portal vein from colon

liver hematoma can be caused by

biopsy surgery ruptured mass anticoagulants

clinical findings of hematoma

dropped hematocrit abd distention ruq pain

most common benign liver tumor

carvernous hemangioma

FNH more common in women who

are under 40 due to hormones

FNH on u.s

spoke wheel appearance hypervascular

hepatic adenoma more common in women who

take birth control also seen in pt's w/ glycogen storage disease

most common liver cancer that affects children

hepatoblastoma

hepatoblastoma lab findings

more common in boys elevated afp weight loss/jaundice enlarged abd

hepatoblastoma on u.s

solitary echogenic mass irregular borders usually in right lobe

most common primary liver cancer

HCC

HCC lab findings

elevated apf lft prothrombin time weight loss appetite loss swelling

HCC affects more patients w/

cirrhosis hep. b and c

liver mets labs

prolonged PT

Another name for HCC

Hepatoma

primary cause for allograft loss

rejection

most common peritransplant fluid

lymphoceles

Renal artery blood flow velocity exceeding 250 and Ra/iliac ratio above 3.0 suggest

stenosis

what recanalizes with severe PHT

ligament teres or round ligament

most common form of an AAA

fusiform

where are most AAA along the aorta

infrarenal

saccular AAA

often contains mural abrupt outpouching

the GDA is branch of the

CHA

grey turner sign

left flank discoloration due to hemorrhagic pancreatitis

cullen sign

umbilical discoloration due to intraperitoneal hemorrhagic