Liver Flashcards
normal liver measurement
13-17 cm
what separates the right and left lobes
main lober fissure
middle hepatic vein
the separates the ant. and post. segments of the right lobe
right hepatic vein
what divides the left medial and left lateral segments of the left lobe
left hepatic vein / left intersegmental fissure
riedels lobe
tongue like projection of the right lobe
the borders the caudate lobe
ligament venosum
liver segment 1
caudate lobe
liver segment 2
LL sup.
liver segment 3
LL inf.
liver segment 4
medial segment
liver segment 5
anterior inf.
liver segment 6
post. inf.
liver segment 7
post superior
liver segment 8
ant. superior
the falciform divides the left lobe into
left medial and left lateral
job of the falciform ligament
connects anterior abd wall & diaphragm to liver
normal portal vein diameter
13 mm
what gets stored in the liver
glycogen
lipoproteins
triglycerides
what is prothrombin time
time it takes for the plasma of your blood to clot
albumin
plasma protein
important in maintenance of fluids in the body
what is bilirubin
product of red blood cell breakdown
when does indirect bilirubin increase in the blood
when more rbc are destroyed than the liver can process
when does direct bilirubin increased
when the liver cannot function to excrete its products
in cases of obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis
highest level of alt is with
acute hepatitis
elevated alp levels is a goood indicator for
biliary obstruction
causes of fatty liver
obesity
alcohol
diabetes
cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage disease
pcos
u.s appearance of fatty liver
increased echogenicity compared to renal cortex
decreased penetration
retroperitoneal organs
S A D P U C K E R
SUPERADRENAL GLANDS
AORTA/IVC
DUODENUM (2ND&3RD PART)
PANC
URETERS
COLON (ASCENDING/DESCENDING)
KIDNEYS
ESOPHAGUS
RECTUM
focal fatty infiltration common location
localized often in right lobe
hyper.
focal fat sparing
usually around porta hepatis, gb, ligament teres
hypoechoic
symptoms of acute hepatitis
ruq pain
fever
loss of appetite
diarrhea
n & v
jaundice
lab results of acute hepatitis
elevated ast and alt
bilirubin and wbc
how is hep b and c caused
blood transfusion
needles
unprotected sex
unsterile instruments
hep c symptoms
80% asymptomatic
if symptoms then same as acute hepatitis
hepatitis on u.s
“starry sky”
portal veins appear more echogenic
hypo and enlarged
gb wall thickening
chronic hepatitis on sono.
coarse liver texture
cirrhosis clinical findings
ascites
easily bruised
jaundice
weight loss
edema
portal htn
hepatosplenomegaly
cirrhosis can be caused by
alcohol
hep b,c,d
what happens to the caudate lobe during cirrhosis
increases in size
what is glycogen storage disease
build up of glycogen in the bodys tissue
common tpye is von gierkes disease
symptoms of glycogen storage disease
low blood sugar
hyperlipidemia
diarrhea
swollen abd
glycogen storage disease assoc. w/
hepatic adenomas
FNH
polycystic liver disease
liver enlarged
normal lfts
ruq pain
may have no symptoms
hydatid cyst (echinococcal cyst) caused by
animal feces
tapeworm infection
hydatid cyst on sono
water lily sign
daught cyst sign
honey comb sign
majority of pyogenic abscess come from…
biliary tree
portal vein
hepatic artery diverticulitis
appendicitis
pyogenic abscess clinical presentation
increased alk phos, alt ,ast, wbc
weight loss
fever
n & v
amebic liver abscess
transmitted fecal to oral
reaches liver through portal vein from colon
liver hematoma can be caused by
biopsy
surgery
ruptured mass
anticoagulants
clinical findings of hematoma
dropped hematocrit
abd distention
ruq pain
most common benign liver tumor
carvernous hemangioma
FNH more common in women who
are under 40 due to hormones
FNH on u.s
spoke wheel appearance
hypervascular
hepatic adenoma more common in women who
take birth control
also seen in pt’s w/ glycogen storage disease
most common liver cancer that affects children
hepatoblastoma
hepatoblastoma lab findings
more common in boys
elevated afp
weight loss/jaundice
enlarged abd
hepatoblastoma on u.s
solitary echogenic mass
irregular borders
usually in right lobe
most common primary liver cancer
HCC
HCC lab findings
elevated apf lft prothrombin time
weight loss
appetite loss
swelling
HCC affects more patients w/
cirrhosis
hep. b and c
liver mets labs
prolonged PT
Another name for HCC
Hepatoma
primary cause for allograft loss
rejection
most common peritransplant fluid
lymphoceles
Renal artery blood flow velocity exceeding 250 and Ra/iliac ratio above 3.0 suggest
stenosis
what recanalizes with severe PHT
ligament teres or round ligament
most common form of an AAA
fusiform
where are most AAA along the aorta
infrarenal
saccular AAA
often contains mural
abrupt outpouching
the GDA is branch of the
CHA
grey turner sign
left flank discoloration due to hemorrhagic pancreatitis
cullen sign
umbilical discoloration due to intraperitoneal hemorrhagic
