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Abdominal Boards Review > gallbladder > Flashcards

gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

most common gb variant

A

phrygian cap

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2
Q

normal gb length x width

A

7-10cm
<4cm

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3
Q

normal gb wall

A

3 mm

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4
Q

gb blood supply

A

cystic artery

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5
Q

the cystic artery is a branch of the

A

right hepatic artery

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6
Q

what makes the gb contract

A

cck or cholecystokinin

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7
Q

murphys sign

A

pain while palpating

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8
Q

where are the valves of heister located

A

cystic duct

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9
Q

valve that open and closed at the ampulla of vater

A

sphincter of oddi

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10
Q

cbd general rule for normal measurement

A

should not measure more than 7mm
or 40 yrs old 4 mm

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11
Q

how do gall stones form

A

biliary stasis

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12
Q

5 f’s for risk of gallstones

A

fat
female
forty
fertile
family history

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13
Q

gallstone symptoms

A

ruq pain it can radiate to shoulder/back
fatty food intolerance

n & v

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14
Q

gb sludge causes

A

tpn
fasting
blockage

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15
Q

wes traid

A

walll
echo
shadow

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16
Q

most common complication of gb stones

A

acute cholecystitis

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17
Q

acute cholecystitis lab values

A

elevated wbc
elevated bilirubin and alk phos

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18
Q

acute chole on sono

A

increased color doppler
hypo walls
thickened walls >3mm
pericholecystic fluid

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19
Q

most common disease of gb

A

gallstones

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20
Q

hida scan

A

nuclear medicine exam for the gb

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21
Q

in who is acute a-calculous cholecystitis seen in

A

critically ill patients
trauma, sepsis, surgery, hiv

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22
Q

sono appearance of acute a-calculous cholecystitis

A

no gallstones
wall thickening

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23
Q

who is emphysematous chole most common in

A

diabetic patients

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24
Q

what is emphysematous cholecystitis

A

rare life threatening
air producing bacteria in the gb wall

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25
Q

emphysematous chole on sono

A

ring down or comet tail artifact

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26
Q

what is gangrenous chole

A

necrosis of tissue
gb may rupture

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27
Q

gangrenous chole on sono

A

echogenic membrane floating in gb lumen
gb wall thickening

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28
Q

gb empyema

A

pus filled gb

29
Q

causes for gb wall thickening not related to gb disease

A

acute hepatitis
heart failure
cirrhosis

30
Q

porcelain gb

A

calcification of the gb wall
increased risk of gb cancer

31
Q

gb hydrops is due to

A

biliary obstruction

32
Q

gb hydrops sono appearance

A

rounded
distended

33
Q

courvoisiers sign

A

enlarged palpable non tender gb
painless jaundice

34
Q

mirizzi syndrome

A

stone impacted in the cystic duct compressing the chd

35
Q

gall stone ileus

A

erosion of gb wall

36
Q

most common type of polyp

A

cholesterol

37
Q

what is adenomyomatosis

A

sinuses filled with calcs sludge or bill causing a comet tail artifact on sono

38
Q

gb cancer is more common in

A

women
7th or 8th decade of life

39
Q

most common missing site in biliary atresia

A

cbd

40
Q

biliary atresia clinical symptoms

A

abnormal lft
hepatomegaly
jaundice

41
Q

biliary atresia sono appearance

A

hepatic parenchyma hetero

42
Q

choledocal cyst symptoms

A

failure to thrive
palpable mass
jaundice
abd pain

43
Q

sono findings of choledocal cyst

A

cyst in ruq
bile duct entering cyst
no color doppler

44
Q

carolis disease assoc. w/

A

hepatic fibrosis
medullary sponge kidney
ARPKD

45
Q

what is carolis disease

A

intrahepatic dilatation of the bile ducts

46
Q

carolis disease clinical findings

A

ruq
jaundice
renal failure
PHTN
^ increased of bile duct cancer
flu like system

47
Q

carolis disease on sono

A

beaded appearance
central dot sign-bile ducts surrounded by portal vein

48
Q

dilated biliary ducts due to obstruction on sono

A

double barrel sign
no color flow
to many tubes sign

49
Q

dilated biliary ducts symptoms

A

itching
jaundice with or w/o pain

50
Q

extrahepatic biliary dilatation

A

intrapancreatic
porta hepatis

51
Q

stone in bile duct or choledocholithiasis symptoms

A

ruq or epigastric pain
jaundice

52
Q

pneumobilia

A

air in the biliary tree

53
Q

pneumobilia sono appearance

A

dirty shadow with ring down
hyper. linear structures within the biliary tree

54
Q

cholangitis clinical findings

A

fever
^ lfts , wbcs
ruq pain
jaundice

55
Q

cholangitis sono appearance

A

thickened walls
focal strictures
dilated ducts
sludge
stones
asbcess

56
Q

most common risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma

A

sclerosing cholangitis

57
Q

klatskin tumor

A

tumor where the left and right hepatic ducts join

58
Q

clinical findings of cholangiocarcinoma

A

abd pain
weight loss
courvoisiers sign
jaundice
ruq pain

59
Q

most common location of cholangiocarcinoma

A

cbd

60
Q

Type 1 choledocal cyst

A

Cystic fusiform dilatation of the cbd
MOST COMMON

61
Q

Type 2 choledocal cyst

A

Diverticulum of the cbd

62
Q

Type 3 choledocal cyst

A

Found in intraduodenal portion if the duct

63
Q

Carolis disease

A

Intrahepatic ducts dilatation

Type 5

64
Q

Type 4 choledocal cyst

A

Dilatation if intra and extra ducts

65
Q

Biliary hamartoma

A

Focal lesions, hetero appearance of liver tissue
Echogenic foci with ringdown artifact
Twinkle artifact with doppler

66
Q

Acalculous cholecystitis is seen in what type of pt’s

A

Chronically ill
Aids
Post surgery
Trauna
Sepsis
Total parental nutrition
Congestive heartfailure

67
Q

How is the cbd diameter measured

A

Inner to inner

68
Q

Polyps measuring greater than … is suspected for cancer

A

1 cm or 10 mm

Abdominal Boards Review (9 decks)

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