GI Tract

Question 1

name of where the esophagus and the stomach attach

Answer 1

gastroesophageal junction

Question 2

where is the GE junction located on sono

Answer 2

post. to left lobe
ant to aorta

Question 3

3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 3

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 4

parts of the colon

Answer 4

asecnding
transverse
descending
sigmoid

Question 5

normal sono observation of the gi tract

Answer 5

compressable
peristalsis
little to no color doppler

Question 6

normal gi tract wall measurement

Answer 6

3mm

Question 7

wall layers of the gut inner to outer

Answer 7

superficial mucosa
deep mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria
serosa

Question 8

clinical findings of appendicitis

Answer 8

1. rebound tenderness
2. elevated white blood cells
3. N&V
4. abdominal pain (RLQ,epigastric)

Question 9

sono findings of appendicitis

Answer 9

wall measuring >3
>6 diameter outer to outer
non compression
fluid
hyperemic flow

Question 10

location of an inguinal hernia

Answer 10

groin
bowel protudes into groin

Question 11

incisional hernia

Answer 11

bowel protrudes into a surgical site

Question 12

linea alba hernia

Answer 12

bowel protrudes into the fascia of the linea alba

Question 13

umbilical hernia

Answer 13

bowel protrudes into the umbilicus

Question 14

spigelian hernia

Answer 14

bowel protudes into a weakend area in the lower of the rectus muscle
between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis

Question 15

what technique is used to show hernias

Answer 15

valsalva

Question 16

complications of hernias

Answer 16

incerceration
strangulation
ischemia of the bowel

Question 17

“olive” sign

Answer 17

enlarged pyloric muscle may be palpable during a physical exam

Question 18

other causes of nonbilious vomiting in an infant

Answer 18

midgut malrotation
pylorospasm
gastroesopheal reflux

Question 19

clinical findings on pyloric stenosis

Answer 19

1. first born male 2-8 weeks
2. non bilious projectile vomiting
3. weight loss
4. constipation
5. dehydration
6. insatiable appetite

Question 20

sono appearance of pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

1. trans donut sign
2. pseudocervix sign in long
3. wall measuring >3mm
4. length >1.7 mm

Question 21

clinical findings of intussusception

Answer 21

1. vomiting
2. palpable abdominal mass
3. red currant jelly stools
4. leukocytosis
5. intermittent abd pain
   < 2 yrs of age

Question 22

sono findings of intussusception

Answer 22

1. non compressible target shaped mass with alternating rings of echogenicity

Question 23

sono findings of intestinal obstruction

Answer 23

distended fluid filled loops of bowel
abrupt termination
increased peristalsis with to and fro motion

Question 24

clinical findings of chrons disease

Answer 24

episodes of diarrhea
abd pain
weight loss
rectal bleeding

Question 25

sono findings of chrons

Answer 25

bowel wall thickening non compressible bowel hyperemic bowel

Question 26

most common gastric cancer

Answer 26

adenocarcinoma

Question 27

clinical findings of gastric cancer

Answer 27

weight loss abd pain anorexia vomiting

Question 28

rectus sheath hematoma can happen from

Answer 28

child birth sneezing coughing urination intercourse

Question 29

clinical findings of rectus sheath hematoma

Answer 29

abd pain palpable abd mass discoloration skin decreased hematocrit

Question 30

malrotation of the mid gut

Answer 30

the sma and smv are reversed

Question 31

treatment for intussesception

Answer 31

air or contrast enema surgery w/ gangrene

Question 32

clinical findings od acute appendicitis

Question 33

identifying feature of the colon

Answer 33

haustra- folds in the colon

Question 34

what is ileus

Answer 34

lack of peristalsis bowel movement

Question 35

the orifice of the appendix opens into

Answer 35

the cecum

Question 36

what part of the gi tract will you most likely see in the RLQ

Answer 36

cecum

Question 37

which visceral artery is most commonly involved w/ aneurysmal formation

Answer 37

splenic artery

Question 38

abd bruit

Answer 38

murmurs heard during auscultation of the aorta

Question 39

arcuate ligament syndrome

Answer 39

occurs when the arc-shaped band of tissue in the chest area (median arcuate ligament) presses on the celiac artery that sends blood to the upper abdomen