male pelvis Flashcards
1
Q
muscles in the scrotum
A
cremaster muscles
2
Q
normal testis length
A
3 to 5 cm
3
Q
normal testis width
A
2 to 4 cm
4
Q
normal testis height
A
3 cm
5
Q
normal epi measurement
A
6-7 cm
6
Q
how does the epi course
A
superior then posterolateral
7
Q
normal epi head measurment
A
6 - 15 mm
8
Q
appendix testis
A
embryonic remants of mullerian ducts
9
Q
what covers the testis and is dense fibrous tissue
A
tunica albuginea
10
Q
job of mediastinum
A
supports the vessels and ducts coursing within the testis
11
Q
2 layers of the tunica vaginalis
A
partietal and visceral
12
Q
what does the tunica vaginalis line
A
the inner walls of the scrotum
also covers each testis and epi
13
Q
the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis covers
A
scrotal wall
14
Q
the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers the
A
testis and epi
15
Q
the ductus epi becomes the
A
vas deferens
16
Q
10 to 15 efferent ductules converge to form the
A
ductus epi
17
Q
the spermatic cord extends from
A
the scrotum through inguinal canal to pelvis
18
Q
primary blood flow to the testis
A
right and left testicular arteries
19
Q
capsular arteries give rise to
A
centripetal arteries
20
Q
the centripetal arteries form the
A
centrifugal arteries
21
Q
doppler of the testis arteries
A
low resistance
22
Q
where does the pampiniform plexus exit from
A
the mediastinum
23
Q
right testi vein drains into
A
IVC
24
Q
left testi vein drains into
A
left renal vein
25
scrotal trauma complications
hydrocele
pyocele
hematocele
26
causes of hydrocele
trauma
torsion
unknown
neoplasm
epi-orchitis
27
most common cause of painless scrotal swelling
hydrocele
28
pyocele occurs with
untreated infection
29
hematoceles assoc. w/
trauam/surgery/neoplasms/torsion
30
testicular rupture on ultrasound
wall thickening
hematocele
irregular contour
focal alteration of testicular parenchymal pattern
31
testicular hematoma assoc. w/
trauma
32
testi hematoma on ultrasound
hetero area within scrotum
avascular
33
epididymitis most often caused by
bacteria
sti's
34
epididymitis on ultrasound
increased vascularity
35
most common cause of acute scrotal pain
epi-orchitis
36
epi-orchitis results from
spread of lower urinary tract
infection
most common STI
37
symptoms of epi-orchitis
fever
urethral discharge
38
testis infarction results from
severe orchitis
39
swollen testis is confined within
tunica albuginea
40
testis infarct on u.s
hetero pattern
infarct area hypo
decreased or absent color doppler
41
what is affected first with torsion
venous flow
42
torsion on u.s 4 to 6 hrs
hypo and swollen
43
torsion on u.s 24 hrs
hetero
infarct
necrosis
hemorrhage
44
epi cyst
asymptomatic
thin walls
posterior enhancement
45
what is a spermatocele
cystic dilatations of the efferent ductules
46
where is a spermatocele always located
in the epi head
47
spermatocele can be seen more after a
vasectomy
48
spermatocele on ultrasound
simple cyst
multilocular cyst containing internal echoes
49
tunica albuginea cyst
can become large and cause displacement
50
how to differentiate a hydrocele from tunica albuginea cyst
hydroceles do not distort the testis
51
what is a varicocele
abnormal dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus
52
a varicocele is caused by
incompetent venous valves within the spermatic veins
53
secondary varicocele caused by
increased pressure on the testi vein
renal hydro or abd mass
54
where is a varicocele more common
on the left
55
varicoceles are more common in ...
infertile men
56
varicoceles measure greater than
2mm
57
varicoceles increase in diameter with what maneuver
valsalva
58
what is the most commonly herniated structure
bowel
59
scrotal hernia
when bowel or omentum herniate into the scrotum
60
scrotal hernia on u.s
peristalsis of bowel
61
OMENTAL hernia on u.s
brightly echogenic structure
62
in who is a testis cyst more common in
men over 40
63
testi cyst have an assoc. w/
extra testi spermatocele
64
microlithiasis assoc. w/
malignancy
65
microlithiasis is
tiny calcs within testis
66
testis germ cell tumors have an elevated ... lab values
hcg
alpha feto protein
67
95% of all testi tumors are what kind
germ cell and highly malignant
68
most common type of germ cell tumor cancer
seminoma
69
germ cell tumors
most common malignancy in men between 15 to 35 yrs old
most curable form of cancers
70
symptoms of germ cell tumors
painless lump
enlargement
discomfort
71
seminomas on u.s
homogenous
hypo masses with smooth border
focal mass
72
metastisis in testis usually originate from
prostate or kidneys
73
testicular mets on u.s
solid hyper and hypo masses
bilateral
74
cryptorchidism
testis not descended into scrotum
75
most common location for undescended testi
inguinal canal
76
cryptorchidism most common in
premature babies
77
cryptorchidism on u.s
smaller and less echogenic
78
bell clapper syndrome
the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis and epi and distal spermatic cord
79
endocrine function of testis
produce testosterone
80
exocrine function of testis
produce sperm
81
spermatogensis occurs within
seminiferous tubules
82
rete testis located within
mediastinum
83
what duct gets interrupted during a vasectomy
vas deferens
84
when do the testis descend into into the scrotum
28weeks
85
clinical findings of acute testi torsion
pain often during sleep
swollen
N & V
pain in lower abd and inguinal region
86
sono findings of acute testi torsion
enlargement of spermatic cord , epi , testis
thickened wall
reactive hydrocele
no or decreased intratesticular flow
87
most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal pain
appendix testi torsion
88
appendage testi torsion clinical findings
blue dot sign during examination
pain localized to superior portion
89
scrotal pearl
remnant of formerly torsed and displaced testi appendage
90
choriocarcinoma lab value
elevated HCG
91
choriocarcinoma on testicular sono
hetero mass w/ hemorrhage/ necrosis. calcs
92
embryonal cell carcinoma lab values
elevated HCG and AFP
93
embryonal cell carcinoma on sono
hetero mass w/ cystic components
94
yolk sac tumor lab values
Elevated ONLY AFP
95
yolk sac tumor on sono
hetero mass with hemorrhage and calcs
96
teratoma
benign w/ malignant potentional
variable appearance bc of cartilage bone and fibrosis
97
most common site for cancer in the prostate
peripheral zone
98
largest prostate zone
peripheral zone
99
most common zone for BPH
transitional
100
what is prostate specific antigen
a protein produced by the prostate gland
101
an elevated in PSA can indicate
BPH
cancer
prostitis
infarct
HOWEVER CAN BE NORMAL IN CANCER
102
most common cancer in men
prostate adenocarcinoma
103
clinical findings of prostate cancer
elevated PSA
enlarged
blood in urine or semen
back/pelvic/hip/thigh pain
impotence
decrease in semen fluid
104
clinical findings of BPH
nocturia
increased urination
sense of urgency
elevated PSA
105
BPH on sono
enlargment
hypo areas
calcs
hetero
cystic changes
106
klinefelter syndrome
extra x chromosome
small testis, gynecomastia, long legs
107
bulbourethral gland
secretes pre ejaculate fluid that lubricates penile urethra
108
cryptorchidism is assoc. w/ an increase in...
malignancy
infertility
109
seminomas will cause an elevation
hcg levels
110
sex cord tumors of the testis
leydig cell tumor
sertoli cell tumor
111
secondary varicoceles assoc. w/
right sided location
hydro, hepatomegaly, retroperitoneal neoplasms
112
hydroceles collects between the 2 layers of the
tunica vaginalis
113
appendage testi torsion on sono
normal intratesticular flow
reactive hydro
scrotall wall thickening
114
the capsular artery is a branch of
testicular artery
115
the testicular artery is a branch of the
abd aorta
116
the spermatic cord consist of what
testicular, cremasteric, deferential arteries
vas deferens, lymphatics, nerves, and pampiniform
117
which arteries courses within the testicular parenchyma
centripetal artery
118
what classification is used to describe the prostate
zonal anatomy
119
the prostaticovesical arteries are branches of the
internal iliac arteries
120
what prostate cyst is assoc. w/ infertility
ejaculatory cyst
121
seminal vesicles anatomic relation to prostate gland
posterior
superior
122
most common symptoms of prostatism
difficult urination
nocturia
small stream
123
most common appearance of the seminal veaicles in a transrectal
hypo
symmetrical
irregularly shaped
124
The vas deferens joins the duct of seminal vesicles to form the
Ejaculatory duct
125
The cremaster artery gives flow to
The cremaster muscle
126
The vesicle artery provides flow to the
Epi and vas deferens
127
The fibromuscular stroma is called what zone
Anterior zone
