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2nd Year > NDT MIDTERMS [DECK 1] > Flashcards

NDT MIDTERMS [DECK 1] Flashcards

1
Q

means big – big nutrients.
○ the main nutrients that make up the foods we eat.
○ Nutrients required in large amounts that provide the
energy needed to maintain body functions and carry
out the activities of daily life.

A

Macronutrients

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2
Q

are essential elements needed by life
in small quantities.
○ Just like water do not provide
energy, however, the body need adequate amount
to ensure that all body cells function properly.
○ can only be obtained from the
food in which we eat.

A

Micronutrients

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3
Q

CARBOHYDRATES kind of nutrient

A

MACRONUTRIENTS

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4
Q

Considered as the primary source of fuel for the brain and the
rest of the body.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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5
Q

50% - 70% of total energy requirement

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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6
Q

1 gram CHO = __ calories upon complete hydrolysis

A

4

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7
Q

Has sugars (composed mainly of SUGARS)

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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8
Q

CARBOHYDRATES is an Organic compounds composed of

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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9
Q

“saccharide” meaning

A

starches and sugars

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10
Q

CARBOHYDRATES Derived from the Greek word

A

saccharide

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11
Q

Chiefly found in plants and produced by the process of
photosynthesis from H2O, CO2, and sun

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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12
Q

The building blocks are called

A

monosaccharide.

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13
Q

The digestion begin in the mouth with salivary amylase
released during the process of - and are absorbed
across the membrane of the small intestine and transported to
the liver distributed to the rest of the body.

A

chewing

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14
Q

The absorption process begins around - hours after eating

A

3-6

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15
Q

simplest form of sugar

A

Monosaccharides

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16
Q

Considered as the simplest form of sugar of sugar
which is small molecules that require little or no
digestion before they can be used by the body and
the source is the digestive end product of lactose
hydrolysis.

A

Monosaccharides

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17
Q

Glucose is a CARBOHYDRATES under

A

Monosaccharides

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18
Q

Physiologic sugar

A

Glucose

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19
Q

blood sugar

A

Glucose

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20
Q

dextrose

A

Glucose

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21
Q

grape sugar

A

Glucose

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22
Q

principal form used by the
body

A

Glucose

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23
Q

Moderately sweet sugar

A

Glucose

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24
Q

Glucose works for

A

brain, nerve cells, RBC

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25
Q

Stores last for only hours

A

Glucose

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26
Q

a process where
protein is converted to glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

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27
Q

less available CHO for energy –
more fats to be broken down – form
ketone bodies.

A

Ketosis

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28
Q

Glucose Sources

A

fruits, sweet corn,
corn syrup

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29
Q

red

A

Lycopene

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30
Q

Carotene

A

orange, yellow

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31
Q

Anthocyanin

A

blue, violet

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32
Q

Cruciferae

A

green, white

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33
Q

Fructose is a CARBOHYDRATES under

A

Monosaccharides

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34
Q

“Fruit sugar”

A

Fructose

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35
Q

sweetest of all sugar

A

Fructose

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36
Q

“levulose”

A

Fructose

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37
Q

Fructose Sources:

A

Ripe fruits and honey

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38
Q

Galactose is a CARBOHYDRATES under

A

Monosaccharides

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39
Q

Not found in nature, not found in free
foods

A

Galactose

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40
Q

Produced from lactose (milk sugar) by
digestion and is converted to glucose

A

Galactose

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41
Q

infants born with an
inability to metabolize galactose

A

Galactosemia

42
Q

Newborn Screening
Test

A

RA 9288

43
Q

two sugar molecules carbohydrate

A

Disaccharides

44
Q

Sucrose is a carbohydrate under

A

Disaccharides

45
Q

Maltose is a carbohydrate under

A

Disaccharides

46
Q

Lactose is a carbohydrate under

A

Disaccharides

47
Q

Cane sugar

A

Sucrose

48
Q

table sugar

A

Sucrose

49
Q

“beet sugar”

A

Sucrose

50
Q

glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

51
Q

“Malt sugar”

A

Maltose

52
Q

Derived from the digestion of starch

A

Maltose

53
Q

glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

54
Q

“Milk sugar”

A

Lactose

55
Q

Least sweet among sugars

A

Lactose

56
Q

glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

57
Q

Lactose Source:

A

milk and milk products

58
Q

Complex Carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

59
Q

contains many
monosaccharides linked together.

A

Complex Carbohydrates or Polysaccharides

60
Q

Starch is a carbohydrate under

A

Complex Carbohydrates or Polysaccharides

61
Q

Dextrin is a carbohydrate under

A

Complex Carbohydrates or Polysaccharides

62
Q

Glycogen is a carbohydrate under

A

Complex Carbohydrates or Polysaccharides

63
Q

Fibers is a carbohydrate under

A

Complex Carbohydrates or Polysaccharides

64
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates in plants

A

Starch

65
Q

Supply energy for a long period

A

Starch

66
Q

Starch source

A

Cereal grain, rice, wheat

67
Q

Derived from dextrose (glucose).

A

Dextrin

68
Q

a low-molecular-weight
carbohydrate produced from the
hydrolysis of starches.

A

Dextrin

69
Q

An intermediate product of starch
digestion plus acid with application of heat
of 150-200°C.

A

Dextrin

70
Q

maltose + 2 glucose
units.

A

Dextrin

71
Q

used in many glue products due
to its adhesive qualities and safety.

A

Dextrin

72
Q

The indigestible form of - is often
used as a fiber supplement.

A

Dextrin

73
Q

“Animal starch”

A

Glycogen

74
Q

Storage form of CHO in the body found in
the liver and muscle.

A

Glycogen

75
Q

supplies energy directly
to surrounding tissues during work and
exercise.

A

Muscle glycogen

76
Q

Liver glycogen is converted to glucose to
be used in the body through the process
called

A

“glycogenolysis.”

77
Q

Glycogen source

A

liver, oysters, muscle meat

78
Q

glycogen storage disease (GSD) other names

A

glycogenosis and dextrinosis

79
Q

metabolic disorder caused by enzyme
deficiencies affecting either glycogen
synthesis, glycogen breakdown, or
glycolysis (glucose breakdown), typically
within muscles and/or liver cells.

A

glycogen storage disease

80
Q

GSD has
two classes of causes:

A

Genetic and
Acquired.

81
Q

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) or

A

von Gierke disease

82
Q

most common of
the glycogen storage disease. This genetic
disease results from the deficiency of the
enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, and has
an incidence in the American population of
approximately 1 in 50,000 to 100,000
births.

A

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I)

83
Q

confirmatory test of Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I)

A

Liver Biopsy

84
Q

“Roughage” because the formed bulk of
the diet

A

Fibers

85
Q

Act as a broom in our digestive tract

A

Fibers

86
Q

Indigestible part of the food and primary
constituent of the plant cell wall.

A

Fibers

87
Q

● Not digested by humans due to lack of an
enzyme that will split or break it.

A

Fibers

88
Q

Fibers Requirement g/day

A

20-35

89
Q

Chief source of energy, protein sparing

A

CARBOHYDRATES

90
Q

● Supplies energy to the body
● Takes part in building body tissues to some limited extent
● Regulator of intestinal peristalsis and provider of bulk

A

CARBOHYDRATES

91
Q

acute carbohydrate energy

A

Hypoglycemia

92
Q

● Dental caries
● Obesity/overweight
● Diabetes mellitus
● Gas formation

EXCESSIVE intake of

A

CARBOHYDRATE

93
Q

increase fibers, low
fats, and added sugar

A

Promote weight loss/weight control

94
Q

high in
carbohydrates

A

Protect against heart disease, stroke, cancer

95
Q

high in carbohydrates and low fats

A

Fight against diabetes

96
Q

increase gibers, enhance
healthy large intestine.

A

Promote gastrointestinal health

97
Q

PROTEINS kind of nutrient

A

macronutrient

98
Q

It is an organic compound containing C,H,O,N

A

PROTEINS

99
Q

PROTEINS derived
from the Greek word -

A

“proteios”

100
Q

protein greek word meaning

A

to hold first place or
is the prime importance.

2nd Year (11 decks)

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