BIOETHICS MIDTERMS [DECK 3] Flashcards
●it involves a married man who engages in sexual intercourse with a woman other than his wife, under specific circumstances.
CONCUBINAGE
○ committed by a married husband by (a) keeping a mistress in the conjugal dwelling; (b) having sexual intercourse under scandalous circumstances with a woman who is not his wife; or (c) cohabiting with her in any other place.
Article 334 of the RPC
For adultery the guilty wife and her paramour may be imprisoned for up to
6 years
○For concubinage, the husband may be imprisoned for up to -, while his concubine may be merely “banished” but may not be imprisoned.
4 years and 1 day
●Natural law ethics had two division
rhythm method and abstinence
This principle is grounded in the presupposition that God has the absolute domain over creation and that in so far as man are made in God’s image and likeness, we have given the limited dominion over creation and are responsible for care.
●STEWARDSHIP (CARETAKERS)
○It involves valuing and respecting patients’ priorities and self-determination.
become stewards or teachers to patients who may not have the expertise or experience in the disease process, but who understand the consequences of their illness.
●STEWARDSHIP (NURSING)
○ “Utilizing and managing all resources God provides for the glory of God and the betterment of his creation.”
●STEWARDSHIP (BIBLE)
○The (5) five Ts
■Time,
■Talents,
■treasure (money),
■temple (body/health), and
○testimony (witness/reputation)
○It means acting as a steward, or caretaker, of the environment.
○It is a strict environmental conservation actions, active restoration activities and/or the sustainable use and management of resources.
●ECOLOGICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
an active union member involved in providing support to other members who are experiencing difficulties.
●SOCIAL STEWARDSHIP
Man is made in God’s image and likeness, we have been given the limited dominion over creation and WE are responsible for it’s care.
INTERNATIONAL THEOLOGICAL COMMISSION
○The nurse steward ought to structure educational opportunities that encourage nurses to shift their epistemology of practice to integrating a virtue-based practical reasoning.
PERSONAL STEWARDSHIP
○It refers to the execution of response ability of the health care practitioners to look after, provide necessary health care services, and promote the health and life of those entrusted to their care.
○A nurse should be familiar and well versed with new equipment and tools that are being used in the hospital and other clinical settings.
●BIOMEDICAL STEWARDSHIP
○”the parts of the physical entity, as parts, are ordained to the good of the physical whole.”
●THE PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY
○All decisions in medical ethics must prioritize the good of the entire person, including physical, psychological and spiritual factors.
PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY AND ITS INTEGRITY
It refers to each individual’s duty to preserve a view of the whole human person in which the values of the intellect, will and conscience and fraternity are pre-eminent.
●THE PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY
○(ethical paradox or moral dilemma) is a problem in the decision-making process between two possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective
Ethical dilemma
■This Act shall be known as the “Organ Donation Act of 1991” to legalize permissions to use human organs
R. A 7170
●refers to any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents.
Sterilization
●comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
Female genital mutilation (FGM)
○T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy
●INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
○Chemical barrier -at the opening of the uterus to prevent sperm to reach the eggs
SPERMICIDE
○Flexible metal ring with rubber in the shape of a shallow dome.
DIAPHRAGM
○Latex barrier inserted in vagina before intercourse
○“Caps” around cervix with suction
●CERVICAL CAP
○Based on the concept of Onanism “A man named Onan slept with the wife of his deceased brother, and during their intercourse Onan spilled his seed upon the ground.. And therefore the lord killed him because he did a detestable thing” Gen 38:9-10
“the essence is just the same” Catholic Church and Judaism does not approve of this method
●COITUS INTERRUPTUS
○Removal of penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs
WITHDRAWAL
○Surgical procedure performed on a woman
○Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from reaching sperm
●TUBAL LIGATION
○Male sterilization procedure
○Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
VASECTOMY
■ deprivation of a
limb or essential part (of the body),with the operative expression being “deprivation.
Mutilation
○refers to every individual’s duty to preserve the view of the human person in which the order/function of the body and its systems are respected and not duly compromised by medical interventions.
Principle of integrity
The penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who shall intentionally mutilate another by depriving him, either totally or partially, or some essential organ of reproduction.
■Art 262 (Act 3815, Revised Penal Code)
when a person allows an organ of their own to be removed and transplanted to another person, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or dead with the consent of the next of kin
Organ donation
An act authorizing the legacy or donation of all or part of a human body after death for specified reason
RA 7170 - Organ Donation Act of 1991
●those that are based on medication or treatment which is directly available and can be applied without incurring severe pain, costs or other inconvenience
PRINCIPLE OF ORDINARY
●must be taken to preserve life or beneficial results
“means of treatment available are objectively proportionate to the prospects for improvement.”
PRINCIPLE OF ORDINARY
social necessity for the procreation of children and their education in the family so as to expand the human community and guarantee its future beyond the death of individual members.
Sex
○the job of supervising or taking care of something, such as an organization or property.
Stewardship
○prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom.
Phronesis
around the time of surgery. This usually lasts from the time the patient goes into the hospital or doctor’s office for surgery until the time the patient goes home.
Perioperative
AUTOS
SELF
NOMOS
GOVERNANCE
●Denotes having the freedom to make choices about issues that affect one’s life; each person has the freedom to make decisions about personal goals; free to choose and implement decisions free from lies, restraint, or coercion.
AUTONOMY
○The process by which patients are informed of the possible outcomes, alternatives, and risks of treatments and are required to give their consent freely.
○Assures legal protection of the patient’s right to personal autonomy in regard to specific treatment and procedures.
●INFORMED CONSENT FORM
includes disclosure and understanding of the essential information.
INFORMATION
implies the freedom to accept or reject it.
CONSENT
The agreement by an individual not competent to give legally valid informed consent to participate in research
●ASSENT FORMS
○it occurs when a physician or other healthcare professionals make decisions for a patient without the explicit consent of the patient.
○The physician believes that the decisions are in the patient’s best interest.
PATERNALISM
○Is the process by which people with the legal right to consent to medical treatment for themselves or for minors or wards delegate that right to another person.
PROXY CONSENT
○Denoting unwillingness of the patient to participate in health care activities like taking medications as scheduled, maintaining a weight loss diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. This represents the failure of the nurse and the patient.
NONCOMPLIANCE
●Requires non-disclosure of private or secret information with which one is entrusted.
●The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgment in sharing this information.
CONFIDENTIALITY
●Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal information or secrets that are disclosed to others.
PRIVACY
●Relates to the practice of truth-telling and the right to information.
●Widely accepted virtue of truthfulness and honesty.
VERACITY
●Related to concepts of faithfulness and the practice of keeping promises.
●Nurses are called to be faithful to society and to uphold responsibilities to practice within the scope of practice, to abide by the policies of the profession, and to keep promises to individual patients.
FIDELITY
●Relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will deny the receipt of others who might otherwise have received these things.
JUSTICE
●TO DO GOOD
●The nurse is required to act in ways that benefit patients.
BENEFICENCE
●“FIRST DO NO HARM” the principle above all others;
●Not to commit acts that cause deliberate harm;
NON-MALEFICENCE
○An act foreseen to have both good and bad effects.
PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
○To achieve a well-formed conscience, one should always judge it unethical to cooperate formally with an immoral act.
○(that is, directly to intent the evil act itself)
●PRINCIPLE OF LEGITIMATE COOPERATION
○occurs when a person or organization freely participates in the actions of a principal-agent.
FORMAL COOPERATION
○occurs when
even though the cooperator denies intending the object of the principal agent, the cooperator, participates in the action.
IMPLICIT FORMAL COOPERATION
○occurs
when the cooperator participates in circumstances that are essential to the commission of an act, such the act could not occur without this participation.
IMMEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION
○occurs when
the cooperator participates in circumstances that are not essential to the commission of the action, such that the action could occur even without cooperation.
MEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION
