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B2 > NBS Physiology- Neurophysiology > Flashcards

NBS Physiology- Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is NOT another name for the cell body?
A. Soma
B. Perikaryon
C. Dendrite
D. Karyon
A

C
Dendrite

the others all are

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2
Q

Myelin would:
A. Decrease the speed of impulse conduction
B. Increase the speed of impulse conduction
C. Keep the conduction at same speed

A

B

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3
Q 
What is another name for the Axon?
A. Endoneural tube
B. Karyon
C. Telodendria
D. Perikaryon
A

A

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4
Q 
What is the normal millivolt threshold level during depolarization?
A.-30mV
B. 0mV
C. -50mV
D. -90mV
A

C

-50 to -55mV

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5
Q 
How is sodium brought into the cell during the depolarization stage?
A. Active transport
B. Carrier mediated transport
C. Facilitated diffusion 
D. Passive diffusion
A

C

Facilitated Diffusion

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6
Q

During Depolarization, sodium gates:
A. Close
B Open

A

open

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7
Q 
Which of the following best describes the Depolarization stage?
A. Efflux of Potassium
B. Ascending Phase
C. Inside membrane less positive
D. Membrane potential towards resting
A

B

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8
Q

Is an impulse more likely in the depolarization or repolarization stage?

A

Depolarizatoin

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9
Q 
During the resting state before an AP begins, what would your membrane polarization level be?
A. +30mV
B. -55mV
C. -90 mV
D. O mV
A

C

-90mV is your RMP

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10
Q 
During the Depolarization stage, there is a influx of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bringing the membrane towards a more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ state.
A. Sodium, Positive
B. Potassium, Negative
C. Sodium, Negative
D. Potassium, Positive
A

A

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11
Q 
The repolarization stage occurs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of a second.
A. 1,000ths
B. 10,000ths
C. 100,000ths
D. 10ths
A

B

10,000ths

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12
Q 
When there is a rapid diffusion of K+ to the exterior the membrane potential would:
A. Return towards Resting
B. Stop at -50mV
C. Stay the same
D. Become more positive
A

A

Repo brings it back towards resting membrane potential which is represented by -90mV

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13
Q 
Which of the following best describes the Repolarizatoin phase?
A. Impulse is likely to occur
B. Sodium gates open
C. Inside membrane becomes less positive
D. Ascending Phase
A

C

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14
Q

Which voltage-gated sodium gate is inside the channel and closes more slowly?
A. Inactivation Gate
B. Activation Gate

A

A

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15
Q

Which voltage-gated sodium gate is outside the channel and around -70 to -50mV flips open to allow sodium influx?
A. Inactivation Gate
B. Activation Gate

A

B

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16
Q

T/F: The inactivation gate will not re-open until membrane potential is close to or at resting membrane potential level?

A

True

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17
Q 
This represents the most synapses occurring:
A. Axokaryon
B. Axodendritic
C. Axosomatic
D. Axonaxonic
A

B

Axodendritic

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18
Q 
What are the tunnels between the cytosol of two cells in the gap junction called?
A. Transmissioners
B. Connaxons
C. Cleft vesicles
D. Connexons
A

D

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19
Q 
Which of the following best represents a synaptic delay during a chemical synapse?
A. 5 m/sec
B. 1.5 m/sec
C. 0.5 m/sec
D. 0.10 m/sec
A

C

0.5m/sec

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20
Q

T/F: Only synaptic end-bulbs of postsynaptic neurons release Neurotransmitters

A

F

Presynaptic

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21
Q 
Which of the following is NOT an excitatory small NT?
A. Nitric Oxide
B. Glycine
C. Glutamate
D. Norepinephrine
A

B

glycine=inhibitory

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22
Q 
This excitatory NT diffuses quickly and targets the brain?
A. Nitric Oxide
B. Glycine
C. Glutamate
D. Norepinephrine
A

A

N.O.

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23
Q 
This inhibitory NT is commonly involved with parkinsons disease and the substania nigra?
A. Acetylcholine 
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Sertonin
A

B

Dopamine

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24
Q 
Which of the following is not an inhibitory NT?
A. Glycine
B. GABA
C. Acetylcholine
D. Glutamate
A

D

Glutamate

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25
Q 
Acetylcholine deals directly with the:
A. Spinal cord
B. CNS
C. Motor cortex
D. Cerebral cortex
A

C

Motor cortex

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26
Q 
Which area is not influenced by GABA?
A. Spinal Cord
B. Substania nigra
C. Cerebellum
D. Basal Ganglia
A

B

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27
Q 
Summation is best described by:
A. 100,000-1,000,000 synapses received 
B. 1,000-10,000 synapses received 
C. 10,000-100,000 synapses received 
D. 100-1,000 synapses received
A

B

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28
Q

This is best described by NT released via a single presynaptic bulb and fires two or more times:
A. Temporal summation
B. Spatial summation

A 
A
Temporal summation (2x)
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29
Q 
Multiple sclerosis, Posteriolateral sclerosis and Amylotrophic Lateral sclerosis are all disease that deal with degradation of:
A. Dopamine receptors
B. Red blood cells
C. Proteins
D. Myelin
A

D

Myelin

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30
Q 
Saltatory conduction is carried out by:
A. Degrading myelin
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Efflux of K+
D. Ascending Phase below -90mV
A

B

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31
Q 
What kind of receptors deal with pain perception:
A. Mechanoreceptors
B. Colinergic
C. Nociceptors
D. Chemoreceptors
A

C

Nociceptors

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32
Q 
Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of nociceptors:
A. Trunk
B. Finger tips
C. Upper arm
D. Buttocks
A

B

Finger tips

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33
Q 
These multibranched, encapsulated mechanoreceptors help with temperature perception within 2-5 degrees and pressure?
A. End bulbs of Krause
B. Muscle spindles
C. Ruffini corpuscles
D. Golgi tendon organs
A

C

Ruffini corpuscles

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34
Q 
The end bulbs of Krause function as:
A. Nociceptors for pressure
B. Mechanoreceptors for pressure
C. Chemoreceptors for temperature
D. Mechanoreceptors for pressure
A

D

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35
Q 
Algesia is the term for:
A. Demyelination
B. Pain
C. Pressure
D. loss of sensation
A

B

Pain

36
Q 
When Merkels discs are grouped together they are termed:
A. Iggo Dome receptors
B. Pacinian Corpuscles
C. Golgi tendon Organs
D. Corpuscles of Ruffini
A

A

IGGy merked that beat

37
Q 
These are touch receptors that help to discriminate with fine touch in the dorsal columns. They are also located on non-hairy skin and are encapsulated.
A. Pacinian corpuscles
B. Meissners corpuscles
C. Merkels discs
D. Ruffini Corpuscles
A

B

Meissners corpuscles

38
Q

Are Merkels discs encapsulated or not?

A

NOT encapsulated

39
Q 
Which would best describe Merkels discs:
A. Temperature perception 2-5 degrees
B. Fine touch, Dorsal columns
C. General Touch, Anterior Spinothalamic tract
D. Pressure, vibration, encapsulated
A

C

General touch, Anterior spinothalamic tract

40
Q 
What are also considered to be a "phasic receptor" and a "quick adaptor"?
A. Pacinian corpuscles
B. Meissners corpuscles
C. Merkels discs
D. Ruffini Corpuscles
A

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

41
Q 
Which of the following proprioceptive receptors will prevent excessive tension in a muscle?
A. Ruffini corpuscles
B. Ligamentous capsule
C. Muscle spindles
D. Golgi tendon reflex
A

D

Golgi will make you drop the box if it will hurt you to hold it longer

42
Q

Muscle spindles deal with:
A. Tension in a muscle
B. Stretch in skeletal muscle
C. Load or weight

A

B

Spindles= Stretch

43
Q

Which of the following would best describe pacinian corpuscles?
A. Temperature perception 2-5 degrees
B. Fine touch, Dorsal columns
C. General Touch, Anterior Spinothalamic tract
D. Pressure, vibration, encapsulated

A

D

Pressure, vibration, encapsulated

44
Q 
You are out in the woods and a huge bear starts running at you. Your \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ system kicks in and your heart would experience \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Sympathetic, bradycardia
B. Sympathetic, mydrasis
C. Parasympathetic, bradycardia
D. Sympathetic, tachycardia
A

D

tachycardia= Increase heart rate

45
Q

After enjoying a glass of red wine and a relaxing dinner. Your eyes are probably experiencing:
A. Miosis
B. Mydrasis
C. Postganglionic Epinephrine stimulation
D. Tachycardia

A

A

miosis-constriction of pupil

46
Q

What are the primary receptors for your sympathetics?
A. Cholinergic
B. Adrenergic

A

B

47
Q 
Sympathetic transduction is best described by:
A. long pre, short post
B. Short pre, short post
C. Long pre, long post
D. Short pre, long post
A

D

Short pre, Long post

48
Q 
Which of the following would be released via a postganglionic parasympathetic?
A. Nor Epinephrine
B. Aceytl CoA
C. Acetylcholine
D. Epinephrine
A

C

ACh

49
Q

T/F: You have decreased G.I. secretions and digesiton. Your sympathetic system is currently firing

A

True

50
Q

Brochiodialation and mydrasis would occur with ___________ stimulation.
A. Parasympathetic
B. Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic

*mydrasis= dilations of pupils

51
Q

Would you have deep breaths or shallow breaths with sympathetic stimualtion?

A

Deep

52
Q 
During sympathetic stimulation blood is shunted to which areas:
A. Gastrointestinal tract
B. Distal extremities and kidneys
C. lungs and proximal extremities
D. Mouth and genitalia
A

C

lungs and proximal extremities

53
Q 
Parasympathetics are represented by what cranial nerves and sacral plexus components?
A. CN 3,5,7,9- S1, S2,S3
B. CN 4,9,11,12- S2,S3,S4
C. CN 5,7,9,10- S2, S3,S4
D. CN 3,7,9,10- S2, S3,S4
A

D

3, 7, 9, 10
S2-S4

54
Q 
Sympathetics are represented by:
A. T2-L3
B. T1-L1
C. C6-T6
D. L1-S5
A

B

T1-L1

55
Q

Many synapses on a single cell describes:
A. Temporal Summation
B. Spatial Summation

A

B

56
Q

An AP available with increased potential=
A. Relative refractory
B. Absolute refractory

A

A

57
Q

T/F: An absolute refractory means there is NO AP possible

A

True

58
Q

During a rapid succession of AP with only a few synapses best describes:
A. Temporal Summation
B. Spatial Summation

A

Temporal

59
Q

Strychine (poision) binds to and blocks _________ receptors, causes massive tetanic contraction, diaphragm cant relax (cant breath) resulting in death. Normally inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord ________ cells release _________ to prevent excessive muscular contraction

A

Glycine
Renshaw cells
Glycine

60
Q 
Somatosensory deals with the:
A. Occipital Lobe
B. Postcentral gyrus
C. Heschls gyrus
D. Medial temporal lobe
A

B

Postcentral gyrus

61
Q 
The visual cerebral sensory area is:
A. Superior Temporal lobe
B. Occipital lobe
C. Postcentral gyrus
D. Base of postcentral gyrus
A

B

visual= occipital lobe, striate cortex and calcarine fissure

62
Q 
What sensory component would be prevalent in the superior temporal lobe and Heschl's gyrus?
A. Somatosensory
B. Visual
C. Auditory 
D. Gustatory
A

C

Auditory

63
Q 
This is our receptive portion of language, and is associated with superior temporal lobe:
A. Somatosensory
B. Gustatory
C. Wernicke's
D. Olfactory
A

C

Wernicke’s

64
Q 
If wernick's is our receptive portion of language, what is our expressive portion?
A. Bocas
B. Premotor
C. Brocas
D. Gustatory
A

Broca

use your boca to broca

Boca=spanish word for mouth

65
Q 
The area for our expressive portion of language located in the:
A. Superior temporal lobe
B. Inferior posterior frontal lobe
C. Inferior Anterior temporal lobe
D. Cerebellum
A

B

66
Q 
Which cerebral Sensory area deals with taste sensation?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Superior temporal lobe
C. Medial temporal lobe
D. Base of postcentral gyrus
A

D

Base of postcentral gyrus

67
Q 
What is the sensation of taste called:
A. Gustatory
B. Wernicke
C. Broca
D. Somatosensory
A

A

Gustatory

68
Q 
Which of the following is a cerebral motor area?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Parietal lobe
A

B

Frontal lobe

69
Q 
The area anterior to the motor cortex deals with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Skilled movements
B. Gross movements
C. Expression of language
D. Hearing
A

A
skilled movements

this is the premotor area

70
Q 
What sensory trait would be processed in the calcarine fissure?
A. Audition 
B. Visual
C. Gustation
D. Olfaction
A

B

Visual

71
Q

The ____________ deals with controlling the ANS and endocrine systems. It also functions to control body temperature, food intake, thirst, rage, agression and helps maintain waking state and sleep.

A

Hypothalamus

72
Q

The hypothalamus releases ______________ which will help decreased the secretion of insulin and glucagon.

A

Somatostatin

73
Q 
Which area would help with coordination of muscle contractions:
A. Thalamus
B. Cerebral Cortex
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
A

Cerebellum

74
Q 
This is a relay center between the cortex and spinal cord, carrying crude sensation:
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Limbic system
D. Cerebellum
A

A

Thalamus

75
Q 
Which portion of the hypothalamus helps with temperature regulation?
A. Lateral Eminence
B. Superior Eminence
C. Medial Eminence
D. Median Eminene
A

D

Median Eminence

76
Q 
Slurred speech, intention  tremor and nystagmus would all be associated with theis area?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Limbic system
D. Cerebellum
A

D

Cerebellum

77
Q 
This is responsible for our emotional aspects associated with behaviors:
A. Thalamus
B. Limbic System
C. Midbrain
D. Hypothalamus
A

B

Limbic system

78
Q 
The fornix, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala and cingulate gyrus are all part of the:
A. Motor cortex
B. Limbic System
C. Midbrain
D. Hypothalamus
A

B

Limbic system

79
Q 
This midbrain structure deals with the coordination of eyeball movements in response to visual stimuli?
A. Superior Colliculus
B. Pons
C. Reticular formation
D. Inferior colliculus
A

A

Superior Colliculus

80
Q 
This area of the midbrain help coordinate head and trunk auditory stimuli?
A. Superior Colliculus
B. Pons
C. Reticular formation
D. Inferior colliculus
A

Inferior Colliculus

81
Q 
The inferior colliculus is associated with what cranial nerves?
A. 4,6,
B. 3,4
C. 3,7,9,10
D. 5,7,9,10
A

B

3, 4

82
Q 
The pons are associated with which cranial nerves?
A. 3,6,9
B. 7,8,9,10
C. 8,9,10,11,12
D. 5,6,7,8
A

D

5-8

83
Q 
Pneumotaxic and apneustic breathing are controlled by:
A. Spinal Cord
B. Thalamus
C. Pons
D. Midbrain
A

C

Pons

84
Q

The _________ functions in consciousness and arousal, coordinating swallowing, vomiting, coughing and sneezing

A

Medulla

85
Q 
The medulla is the origin of which cranial nerves?
A. 3,6,9
B. 7,8,9,10
C. 8,9,10,11,12
D. 5,6,7,8
A

C

8-12

86
Q 
What part of the medulla helps maintain equilibrium?
A. Vestibular Nuclei
B. Thalamic Nuclei
C. Broca's area
D. Premotor
A

A

Vestibular nuclei

87
Q 
Lipofuscin are dark spots associated with aging and are products of:
A. Methylation
B. Carboxylation
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
A

C

Oxidation

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