NB2 22+23+DLA

Question 1

immature defenses

Answer 1

Immature psychological defense mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to
psychopathology

Question 2

repression

Answer 2

immature defense

subconsciously blocks ideas or impulses that are not desirable

Ex: blocking a traumatic memory

Question 3

denial

Answer 3

immature defense

dismissing reality and focusing on internal explanations to avoid the reality of the situation

Ex: person denies substance abuse

Question 4

projection

Answer 4

immature defense

Attributing one’s own maladaptive inner impulses to someone else

ex: one does an action and says another did that action

Question 5

splitting

Answer 5

immature defense

usually seen in those with borderline personality disorder

all or none thinking

ex: only one right way to do something

Question 6

regression

Answer 6

immature defense

Reverting one’s behavior to earlier levels of psychosocial development when confronted with stressful situations or unacceptable thoughts/feelings

common when people are ill, afraid, stressed, or
socially uncomfortable

Ex: adult becomes like a teenager in the hospital

Question 7

neurotic defenses

Answer 7

allow an individual to avoid feelings of guilt and anxiety

Question 8

rationalization

Answer 8

neurotic defense

Justification of one’s behavior through attempts at a rational explanation

Ex: killing is wrong but he deserved it

Question 9

displacement

Answer 9

neurotic defense

Transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another

Ex: stressful day at work; take it out on family

Question 10

reaction formation

Answer 10

neurotic defense

Replacing one’s initial impulse toward a situation or idea with the opposite impulse

Ex: dislike someone; but super nice to me

Question 11

Intellectualization

Answer 11

neurotic defense

Patterns of excessive thinking or over-analyzing, which may increase the distance from one’s emotions

Ex: diagnosed with illness shows no emotion.. but researches illness
focus on words other then emotions

Question 12

isolation of affect

Answer 12

neurotic defense

separation between thoughts and feelings

Ex: describe traumatic event with no emotion

Question 13

Somatization

Answer 13

neurotic defense

repressed emotions are channeled into somatic symptoms

Ex: an emotion makes you nauseous

Question 14

Dissociation

Answer 14

neurotic defense

Separating oneself from the full impact of an experience; partially removing oneself from an unpleasant reality

Ex: it seemed unreal, happening in slow motion

Question 15

Acting out

Answer 15

neurotic defense

Detrimental behaviors develop that distract attention and energy away from other stressors

may be seen in conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, oppositional defiant disorder

ex: child ignored at home starts to set fires

Question 16

Mature defenses

Answer 16

more conscious processes that enhance pleasure and feelings of control

they can be adaptive and creative

Question 17

suppression

Answer 17

mature defense

Making a conscious decision to postpone attention to an upsetting or otherwise unpleasant life situation

Ex: student does not check exam score on birthday

Question 18

sublimation

Answer 18

mature defense

Channeling an unacceptable impulse into a more socially acceptable behavior

Ex: instead of lashing out onto someone, you go to the gym

Question 19

identification

Answer 19

mature defense

Feelings of low self-worth or fear are dealt with by modeling one’s behaviors after someone of higher
status or power

Ex: A medical student unknowingly starts to dress and act like the attending physician

Question 20

Humor

Answer 20

mature defense

Looking at the funny side of a situation even though it is stress provoking

Ex: focusing on the funny aspect of an unfortunate event

Question 21

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 21

based on classical conditioning and uses counterconditioning

aim is to remove fear and replace with relaxation response.

relaxation becomes conditioned response

Question 22

behavioral therapy

Answer 22

assumes maladaptive behavior is learned

uses counterconditioning and or extinction to modify the conditioning

basically unlearning a certain behavior

Question 23

aversion therapy

Answer 23

based on classical conditioning

The aim is to weaken the learned inappropriate conditioned response that occurs in response to the conditioned stimulus

uses counterconditioning, but the difference is the conditioned stimulus is paired with a unpleasant unconditioned stimulus rather than relaxation

Question 24

classical extinction

Answer 24

based on classical conditioning

the aim is to weaken a conditioned response so
that it decreases or disappears

extinction: repeated presentation of the CS without the US

Question 25

first line treatment for OCD

Answer 25

exposure and response therapy

involves both classical and operant features

Question 26

autonomic thoughts

Answer 26

irritational thoughts that autonomically pop into the mind

usually self-critical and inaccurate

has a critical role in anxiety and depression

Question 27

what leads to depression according to cognitive therapy

Answer 27

the negative triad: negative interpretation of self, life events, and future

negative self-schema = distort an individuals worldview and lead to depression

Question 28

cognitive restructuring

Answer 28

to identify, challenge and correct the patient’s distorted and irrational ways of viewing the world.

type of cognitive therapy

Question 29

learned helplessness

Answer 29

Conditioned to believe that a situation is unchangeable or inescapable. Passivity and depression result, along with the self-defeating belief

can use cognitive therapy to address negative thoughts

Question 30

CBT

Answer 30

use both cognitive and behavioral components for treatment

commonly used to treat anxiety and depression

can be used for phobias, PTSD, eating disorders

Question 31

social learning therapy

Answer 31

type of cognitive therapy

behavior is learned through observation and modeling

some behaviors can be learned by imitation

learning takes place with no punishment or reinforcement

Question 32

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 32

A fundamental feature is that overt behavior is
predominantly influenced by unconscious processes.

Emphasis on unconscious conflict between biological
drives and society’s prohibitions

Question 33

intrapsychic conflict

Answer 33

the demands of the ego, id, and superego are all at conflict

the ego will use defense mechanisms when an unwanted thought arises

defense mechanisms allow satisfaction by distorting reality