NB2 22+23+DLA Flashcards
immature defenses
Immature psychological defense mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to
psychopathology
repression
immature defense
subconsciously blocks ideas or impulses that are not desirable
Ex: blocking a traumatic memory
denial
immature defense
dismissing reality and focusing on internal explanations to avoid the reality of the situation
Ex: person denies substance abuse
projection
immature defense
Attributing one’s own maladaptive inner impulses to someone else
ex: one does an action and says another did that action
splitting
immature defense
usually seen in those with borderline personality disorder
all or none thinking
ex: only one right way to do something
regression
immature defense
Reverting one’s behavior to earlier levels of psychosocial development when confronted with stressful situations or unacceptable thoughts/feelings
common when people are ill, afraid, stressed, or
socially uncomfortable
Ex: adult becomes like a teenager in the hospital
neurotic defenses
allow an individual to avoid feelings of guilt and anxiety
rationalization
neurotic defense
Justification of one’s behavior through attempts at a rational explanation
Ex: killing is wrong but he deserved it
displacement
neurotic defense
Transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another
Ex: stressful day at work; take it out on family
reaction formation
neurotic defense
Replacing one’s initial impulse toward a situation or idea with the opposite impulse
Ex: dislike someone; but super nice to me
Intellectualization
neurotic defense
Patterns of excessive thinking or over-analyzing, which may increase the distance from one’s emotions
Ex: diagnosed with illness shows no emotion.. but researches illness
focus on words other then emotions
isolation of affect
neurotic defense
separation between thoughts and feelings
Ex: describe traumatic event with no emotion
Somatization
neurotic defense
repressed emotions are channeled into somatic symptoms
Ex: an emotion makes you nauseous
Dissociation
neurotic defense
Separating oneself from the full impact of an experience; partially removing oneself from an unpleasant reality
Ex: it seemed unreal, happening in slow motion
Acting out
neurotic defense
Detrimental behaviors develop that distract attention and energy away from other stressors
may be seen in conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, oppositional defiant disorder
ex: child ignored at home starts to set fires
Mature defenses
more conscious processes that enhance pleasure and feelings of control
they can be adaptive and creative
suppression
mature defense
Making a conscious decision to postpone attention to an upsetting or otherwise unpleasant life situation
Ex: student does not check exam score on birthday
sublimation
mature defense
Channeling an unacceptable impulse into a more socially acceptable behavior
Ex: instead of lashing out onto someone, you go to the gym
identification
mature defense
Feelings of low self-worth or fear are dealt with by modeling one’s behaviors after someone of higher
status or power
Ex: A medical student unknowingly starts to dress and act like the attending physician
Humor
mature defense
Looking at the funny side of a situation even though it is stress provoking
Ex: focusing on the funny aspect of an unfortunate event
Systematic Desensitization
based on classical conditioning and uses counterconditioning
aim is to remove fear and replace with relaxation response.
relaxation becomes conditioned response
behavioral therapy
assumes maladaptive behavior is learned
uses counterconditioning and or extinction to modify the conditioning
basically unlearning a certain behavior
aversion therapy
based on classical conditioning
The aim is to weaken the learned inappropriate conditioned response that occurs in response to the conditioned stimulus
uses counterconditioning, but the difference is the conditioned stimulus is paired with a unpleasant unconditioned stimulus rather than relaxation
classical extinction
based on classical conditioning
the aim is to weaken a conditioned response so
that it decreases or disappears
extinction: repeated presentation of the CS without the US
first line treatment for OCD
exposure and response therapy
involves both classical and operant features
autonomic thoughts
irritational thoughts that autonomically pop into the mind
usually self-critical and inaccurate
has a critical role in anxiety and depression
what leads to depression according to cognitive therapy
the negative triad: negative interpretation of self, life events, and future
negative self-schema = distort an individuals worldview and lead to depression
cognitive restructuring
to identify, challenge and correct the patient’s distorted and irrational ways of viewing the world.
type of cognitive therapy
learned helplessness
Conditioned to believe that a situation is unchangeable or inescapable. Passivity and depression result, along with the self-defeating belief
can use cognitive therapy to address negative thoughts
CBT
use both cognitive and behavioral components for treatment
commonly used to treat anxiety and depression
can be used for phobias, PTSD, eating disorders
social learning therapy
type of cognitive therapy
behavior is learned through observation and modeling
some behaviors can be learned by imitation
learning takes place with no punishment or reinforcement
psychoanalytic theory
A fundamental feature is that overt behavior is
predominantly influenced by unconscious processes.
Emphasis on unconscious conflict between biological
drives and society’s prohibitions
intrapsychic conflict
the demands of the ego, id, and superego are all at conflict
the ego will use defense mechanisms when an unwanted thought arises
defense mechanisms allow satisfaction by distorting reality
