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BPM2 Exam 3 - Neurology and Behavioral Science 1 > NB1-2 - Organization of the Nervous System 2 > Flashcards

NB1-2 - Organization of the Nervous System 2 Flashcards

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1
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2
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List the lobes of the cerebral cortex and say how many there are.

A

Each lobe is paired

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insular, Limbic

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3
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In a very general sense, what does each lobe of the brain do?

A

Frontal - motor control

Parietal - somatosensory

Temporal - auditory function

Occipital - vision

Insular - interoception and many other functions

Limbic - emotions and memory

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5
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What is highlighted in these images?

A

The insular lobe

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6
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In the telencephalon, is the grey matter or white matter more superficial?

A

The grey matter is more superficial

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7
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C

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8
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What structures compose the deep cerebral nuclei? How can the general location of these structures be found on a cadaver.

A

The deep cerebral nuclei consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus internal, globus pallidus external, hippocampus, amygala, and thalamus

The cerebrum, from the superficial to deep, consists of grey matter, then white matter, the grey matter again.

That third layer of grey matter are the deep cerebral nuclei

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9
Q

What structures compose the basal ganglia? What is the function of these structures?

A

The caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

These structures function to initiate and organize movement and regulate cortical motor activity via the thalamus

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12
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What are the striatum and lentiform nuclei?

A

Striatum = caudate + putamen

Lentiform Nucleus = putamen + globus pallidus

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13
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What structure is this image highlighting?

A

The hippocampus

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14
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What structure is this image highlighting?

A

hippocampus

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15
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Describe the location of the amygdala.

A

It is situated on the rostral tip of the hippocampus

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16
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What is the function of the hippocampus?

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It processes information destined for long-term storage within cortical circuitry

17
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What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Regulation of emotional behaviour. Possibly assigns emotional valence to memory

18
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What structures are these images highlighting?

A

Purple is hippocampus

Yellow is amygala

19
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Amygdala

20
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Describe the location of the thalamus.

A

Just ventral (inferior) to the lateral ventricles

21
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What are the functions of the thalamus?

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Modulate and relay virtually all sensory input to cortices (except olfaction)

Processes output from basal ganglia and cerebellum to regulate motor cortex and hence, movement.

22
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Thalamus

23
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List the types of cerebral white matter tracts and provide a major example of each.

A
  • Association fibres connect two regions within the same hemisphere (ie - arcuate fasciculus connect temporal/parietal lobes to the frontal lobe with the same hemisphere)
  • Commissural fibres connect one brain hemisphere with another (ie - corpus callosum)
  • Projection fibres connect higher and lower centres of the CNS (ie - corona radiata)
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29
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Label image and say what this tissue is

A

It is an axial section of the midbrain

30
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A

G

31
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Label image and say what the tissue is.

A

Axial section of midbrain

32
Q

What is a decussation?

A

Biologists use the word to describe a point where structures cross over. It is often used in neuroanatomy to describe the point where fibers cross from one side of the CNS to another.

33
Q

Label image and say what tissue this is

A

Axial sectin of pons

34
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Label image and say what tissue this is.

A

Axial section of pons

35
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Label image and say what this tissue is

A

Axial section of medulla

36
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Label image and say what this tissue is

A

Axia section of medulla

37
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What is the primary function of the cerebellum? What nerve is the cerebellum closely associated with and why?

A

The cerebellum is crucial for fine motor control. The frontal lobe just controls gross movements like propelling your arm in a general direction to grab something. The cerebellum makes sure the arm and hand accurately contact the object.

The cerebellum is closely associated with CN 8 (vestibulocochlear nerve) which is crucial for balance.

38
Q

What are the caudate nucleus and putamen called when considered together? What about the putamen and globus palidus?

A

Striatum and Lentiform nucleus, respectively

BPM2 Exam 3 - Neurology and Behavioral Science 1 (25 decks)

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