Navigation Flashcards
How would you ensure a safe navigational watch as a Master?
Ensuring the bridge is manned appropriately to the expected conditions of the passage
Standing Orders and Night Orders are clear, simple and understood by all members of the team
What factors take into account the manning of a watch?
- Fatigue
- Weather & Visibility
- Proximity of Nav Hazards
- Officers experience
- Fitted with automatic steering
- If any radio duties need to be performed
- UMS indicators or alarms
- Unusual circumstances arise
- Emergencies
What is the difference between ENC’s & RNC’s?
ENC:
- No boundaries
- Can trigger alarms
- Referred to WGS 84 datum
- Can customise to user’s preference
- Can interrogate chart to obtain more information
- Safety contour & depths displayed
RNC:
- Based on paper charts
- Won’t trigger any alarms
- Chart could be based off different datums
- Display cannot be customised
- Look ahead capability limited
- Zooming in or out degrade chart quality
What is the difference between an ECDIS alarm and an ECDIS indicator?
ALARM: high priority, that needs immediate attention and action
INDICATOR: information about a condition of a system or equipment
What are the mandatory ECDIS alarms?
- Crossing safety contour
- Different geodetic datum
- Deviation from route
- Approaching critical point
- Position system failure
What are the required inputs for an ECDIS?
- GNSS
- Gyro
- Speed Log
What is the latest version of the IHO Presentation Library?
Version 4.0
How would you ensure the ECDIS is being used effectively by the OOW during the execution and monitoring stages of the passage plan?
- Look ahead sector adjusted according to the stages of passage
- Alarms acknowledge and acted promptly
- Adjusted for day / night conditions
- Appropriate scale used
- Position verified by other methods
- Contingencies in place
- Cyber security measures in place
- Back up power tested
How could you verify your vessels position on passage?
- Radar Information Overlay
- Visual Bearings
- Radar Ranges and Bearings
- Parallel Indexing
- Celestial
- Depth comparison with Echo Sounder
How would you advise the 3/O on establishing good radar practice?
- Performance Monitor
- Heading data accurate
- Heading marker aligned to the fore & aft line
- Speed input checked
- Plot all targets
- Practice trial & manoeuvre in good weather
- Adjust rain / sea clutters for the conditions
- Adjust range scale (speed, traffic, visibility)
- PI’s when possible
- Relative / true vectors
- Sea / ground stabilised
What is the purpose of the IMO Ship Routeing Schemes?
- Separate Opposing streams of traffic
- Reduce dangers of collisions between crossing traffic
- Established proper shipping lanes
- Simplify patterns of traffic flow
- organise traffic to protect: Environmentally sensitive areas, dangerous class of vessels (DG) and areas of offshore exploration/exploitation
What are your overall considerations as Master with regard to voyage planning?
As per SOLAS REG 34 -
- Planned using appropriate navigational charts & publications
- Take into account guidelines from the IMO (A.893(21))
- Shall identify the following:
- Routeing systems
- Sufficient sea room
- Nav hazards & weather
- Environment protection
What are your overall considerations as Chief Mate with regard to voyage planning?
- Stability
- Loadline Zones
- MARPOL Special Areas
What are your considerations at the planning stage apart from ensuring you have charts and publications onboard?
- Condition of vessel
- Special characteristics of cargo
- Certificates are valid
- Weather routeing systems
- Climatological, hydrographical & oceangraphical data
Under what circumstances would you allow a sole lookout in the bridge?
- Day time
- Factors taken into account:
- Weather
- Visibility
- Traffic density
- Proximity of Nav hazards
- Near TSS’
- Design & layout of bridge
- Visibility from the bridge
- Equipment on the bridge
- Assistance must be readily available upon request
The cadet wants to learn about ARPA. What are the limitations of this equipment?
- Over-reliance
- Input error (garbage in = garbage out)
- Target swap (two ARPA targets close together = can swap info & vectors)
- Time to fully acquire the situation (up to 3 minutes)
- Target Glint (target broken to many small targets due to obstructions - see photo)
