NAV Flashcards
Qual o diâmetro da terra?
12 742Km
Quanto é uma NM em Km?
1,852km
Quanto é um nó em m/s?
0,514m/e
Quais os benefícios da navegação?
- melhora safety
- maior eficiência
- melhoria no tempo e consumo
- redução de emissões
Quais os 4 métodos de navegação?
- piloting
- dead reckoning
- celestial navigation
- eletronic navigation
O que é piloting?
Método de navegação
Guiding a ship through waters near shore (VFR referência visual do terreno)
O que é dead reckoning?
Assumed ground position of the a/c based on calculation (deduced from forecast wind)
Keeping track where has been both along shore and at sea.
Recording course and speed over time, navigator keeps track of position
What should be guaranteed when flying VFR?
- A/c flown in VMC
- Obstacle Clarence height is maintained
- doesn’t penetrate D, P or R
- flights requiring FIS shall submit flight plan and bilateral communications
What is the shape of earth?
Spherical ( oblate spheroid)
What is a great circle?
Circle drawn on the surface of the earth whose radius and center are the same as the earth’s
What is a small circle?
Circle drawn on the surface of the earth whose radius and center are not the same as the earth’s
What is a meridian?
A semi great circle joining the poles
What is a rhumb line?
A regularly curved line on the surface of the earth that cuts all meridians at the same angle
How many NM are 1⁰?
60NM
How many minutes are 1NM?
1min
What is the Earth’s tilt?
23,4⁰
What is the civil twilight?
Begins in the morning when the center of the sun’s disc is 6º below horizon and ends in the evening when the center of the sun’s disc is 6º below the horizon
What is the reference point for the zero world time zone?
Green which meridian
What is the international date line?
Irregular line drawn on the map of the Pacific ocean, near many places coincident with the 180⁰ meridian
Marks the place where navigators change the date by a day
When changing the date, navigators change for 1 day earlier when traveling in which direction?
West to East
What is a graticule?
“squares” composed by latitude and longitude
What is latitude?
Is the angular distance from the equator to a point measure northwards or southwards along the meridian throught that point
Maximum 90⁰
What is longitude?
Is the shorter angular difference along the equator between the prime meridian through that point
Maximum 180⁰
What is Ins?
Inertial navigation system
Self contained navigation system utilizing a gyro stabilized platform
What is the FMS?
Flight management system
On-board multi purpose navigation, performance and aircraft operations computer
Continuously calculates position
What does the FMS consist of?
FMC Flight management computer
Automatic flight control System
A/c navigation system
EFIS eletronic flight instruments system
What is a heading?
Direction in which a/c nose is pointed at
What is track?
The flight path a/c is following
What is variation?
Angular difference between Tru north and magnetic north
Where magnetic is in relation to true
What is deviation?
Error induced in a compass by a local field
Where compass is in relation to magnetic north
What affects the accuracy of a compass?
- manufacture
- irregularities and fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field
What is a deviation card?
Errors of compass on a/c
What is an isogonal?
Lines across a map joining points of equal variation
What is a map projection?
Is the transformation of Earth’s curved surface onto a 2D flat surface
What are the most used projections?
The Mercator and the lambert
