nature vs nurture- English

Question 1

Ursula Bellugi Negative formation

Answer 1

Stage 1: no is put at the start or end of a sentence
Stage 2: no is in the middle of a sentence next to a verb
Stage 3:Uses can’t or don’t
Stage 4: all accurate

Question 2

Ursula Bellugi pronoun formation

Answer 2

Stage 1: (name) plays
Stage 2:I play
Stage 3: I play with the toys

Question 3

Bruner LASS

Answer 3

scaffolding: the support and modelling given to children by parents
framing: controlling the agenda of a conversation or making utterences that allow the child to fill in the blanks

Question 4

Vincent

Answer 4

Born to deaf parents but could hear

Only started to speak until he went to school and people talked to him

Question 5

What to look for in transcript

Answer 5

Adults modelling or teaching language with children responding to it
Adults positively or negatively reinforcing
Children repeating adults
Children learning new lang after corrections

Question 6

Watson and Rayner

Answer 6

Little Albert

Question 7

Skinner

Answer 7

pidgeons

Question 8

Pavlovs dogs

Answer 8

• gave food and collected how much they would salvate

- dog began salivating when hearing a bell

Question 9

Crittenden

Answer 9

1) In the first stage, children memorise words on an individual basis
2) In the second stage they show an awareness of the general rules of inflections. They observe that past tense forms usually end in –ed so instead of ‘ran’ they say ‘runned’. This kind of error is known as Overgeneralisation.
3) In the third stage, correct inflections are used

Question 10

Halliday

Answer 10

imaginative play helps, allows to expand language on different subjects

Question 11

Chomsky

Answer 11

innate ability provided from birth to be an active learner

Question 12

Lenneburg

Answer 12

critical period where a child needs caregiver interaction

if not recieved by 5-7 they are at risk of never fully linguistically developing

Question 13

Vygotsky

Answer 13

social situations and caregiver interactions needed for a child to enter proximal development

Question 14

Nelson

Answer 14

Found that children at the holophrastic stage whose mothers corrected them on word choice and pronunciation actually advanced more slowly than those with mothers who were generally accepting.

Question 15

Clarke-Stewart

Answer 15

found that children who’s mothers talk more have larger vocabularies

Question 16

name the 13 linguists

Answer 16

Ursula Bellugi- pronouns and negative formations
Bruner- Scaffolding and framing
Vincent- death parents
Watson and Rayner- Little Albert
Skinner-pidgeons
Pavlov- Pavlovs dogs
Crittenden- overgeneralisation
Halliday- imaginative play
Chomsky-active learner
Lenneburg- 5 to 7
Vygotsky- proximal development
Nelson- accepting mothers
Clarke Stewart- larger vocabs