defecit gender school

Question 1

Otto Jesperson

Answer 1

• 1922
• women speak without thinking and so use more non-fluency features such as fillers and pauses
• evidence from literature and travellers, dismissed as folk linguists

Question 2

Onnela

Answer 2

found that with masters students there was a very similar mean length of utterance

Question 3

Lakoff

Answer 3

• 1975
• list of features that makes women’s language weaker
• hypercorrect grammar
• over-apologising
• empty adjectives
• tag questions
• overuse of intensifiers
• special lexicon
• less swearing
• lacking a sense of humour

Question 4

Kira Hall

Answer 4

-phone sex workers would often use Lakoff’s features to appear more feminine.

Question 5

O’Barr and Atkins

Answer 5

• lower class men use Lakoffs features within court

- implies this is ‘powerless language’ rather than being affected by gender it is affected by power