Modelling change

Question 1

Bailey wave model

Answer 1

drop of water hitting the surface of a lake- creates ripples.
closer you are to drop the stronger the ripple
those closest geographically to change are more likely to pick up

Question 2

Trudgill

Answer 2

Change comes from big cities
passed to big towns
passed to small towns
misses countryside 
seen in areas of Yorkshire countryside were thou and thee is still used.

Question 3

Chen’s S Curve

Answer 3

stage 1: change occurs and there is some uptake
stage 2:more using but only in a certain region
stage 3:many more people know it now
stage 4:the change has reached as many people as it can, cant reach 100%, because people resist change typically old people

Question 4

Aitcheson

Answer 4

Potential-gap or potential for change
Implementation-the change occurs
Diffusion-the change spreads
Codification-change is made offical

Question 5

Halliday

Answer 5

Language changes due to a change in needs with users
Functional theory-gap in lexicon for something
Function shifts- where new lexis needs new word class

Question 6

Hockett

Answer 6

when someone makes a mistake this can be standardised and recognised as somewhat synonyms

Question 7

David Crystal Tide

Answer 7

new things get washed up upon the shore and the tide takes away old things
some make it on the beach permanently others temporarily

Question 8

Aitcheson 3 prescriptivist models

Answer 8

Damp spoon: stems from distasteful act of putting damp spoon back in a bowl of sugar, implies people are lazy and disrespectful of language

Infectious disease:changes are like diseases that spread and infect the language

Crumbling Castle: English once in golden era but now in a state of despair.