great turn

Question 1

reasons for great turn

Answer 1

• weaknesses in industrial management
• industrialism was perceived to be going too slowly
• The NEP had failed to industralise Russia at the speed hoped
• crisis in grain procurement
• many in party were impatient to revert to ‘true socialism’
• Stalin’s attitude to policy was changing
• to destroy political rivals on the right
• to raise revenue for industrialisation

Question 2

stage 1 of collectivisation

Answer 2

• Stalin December 1929 “i will annihilate the kulak class”
• 4% of peasant class considered to be kulaks however over 15% of peasant households were destroyed
• By March 1930 58% of peasant households collectivised
• Dizzy with success speech passes blames and returns to voluntary collectivisation

Question 3

stage 2 of collectivisation

Answer 3

-climb down was only a tactic
1931 50% collectivised
1941 100% collectivised

Question 4

Kolkhoz

Answer 4

• small individual farms joined together in a collective structure
• typically around 75 families and their livestock
• Shared any profit among the collective farm worker, according to the number of labour days.
• peasants unable to leave
• under communist party control​

Question 5

Sovkhoz

Answer 5

• state farm
• Larger: created by land confiscated from former large estates.​
• socialist ideal
• peasants unable to leave
• under communist party control
• labourer classed as worker