nature vs Flashcards
biological/genetic
predispositions that impact one’s human traits —
physical, emotional, and intellectual.
nature
nfluence of
learning and other “environmental” factors on these traits.
nurture
how genetics
influence an individual’s
personality
nature
how their
environment (including
relationships and experiences) impacts their development
nurture
focus on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations of behavior
biological approach
innate drives
psychoanalysis
innate mental structures such as schemas, perception
cognitive psychology
maslow emphasized basic physical needs
humanism
all behavior is learned from the environment through conditioning
behaviorism
studies the basic mechanics of learning.are concerned with how
behavior changes in response to experience.
behaviorist approach
measures quantitative differences in abilities that make up intelligence by using tests that indicate or predict these abilities
psychometric approach
looks at changes, or stages, in the quality of cognitive functioning. It is concerned
with how the mind structures its activities and adapts to the environment.
piagetian approach
focuses on perception, learning, memory,
and problem solving. It aims to discover how
children process information from
the time they encounter it until they use it
information processing approach
seeks to
identify what brain structures are
involved in specific aspects of cognition.
cognitive neuroscience approach
examines the
effects of environmental aspects of
the learning process, particularly the role of parents and other caregivers.
socio-contextual approach
interested in the mechanism of learning
learning theorists
considered facial imitation a cognitive milestone first passed at 1 year
classical theories
argued that infants learned to
associate self and other through mirror play and tactile exploration of their own and
others’ faces.
piaget
phase in which
children copy or imitate the behaviors of others as a way of learning.
preparatory stage/ imitation stage
suggests that we
learn social behavior by
observing and imitating the
behavior of others.
albert bandura’s social learning theory
when a child uses objects to stand in for other object
symbolic play
age when children are more
likely to begin to voice their observations and imaginations
symbolic play after 2 years
key concept for human thought and action. The world around us appears as a coherent flow of events, each event caused by others, which in turn have causes, and so on.
causality
