4 Flashcards
focuses on thought processes and the behavior that reflects those processes
Cognitive perspective
encompasses both organismic and mechanistically influenced theories
Cognitive perspective
viewed development as the
product of children’s efforts to
understand and act on their world
Piaget
believed that development
was discontinuous, so his theory
describes development as occurring in stages
Piaget
They relate to the emergence of the general
symbolic function, which is the capacity to represent
the world mentally
Sensorimotor stage
the child does not use
operations, so the thinking is influenced by the way
things appear rather than logical reasoning
Pre-operational stage
child can use operations (a set of logical rules) so she can conserve quantities, she realizes that people see the world in a different way than he does (decentring) and he has
improved in inclusion tasks
Concrete operational stage
development can be understood only in its social context
Contextual perspective
see the individual, not as a
separate entity interacting with
the environment, but as an inseparable part of it
Contextualists
considers the relationship
between individuals and their
physical, cognitive, and social
worlds
Contextual perspective
Development within the context of human interaction
Lev vygotsky
Many diverse context for development
Urie bronfenbrenner
the distance between the actual
developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more
capable peers
Lev vygotsky
Zone of proximal development
when students are provided with the support while learning a new concept or skill, they are better able to use that knowledge independently
Bruner’s scaffolding theory
the role of teachers and others in supporting the learner’s development and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level
Instructional scaffolding
Vygotsky
highlighted the multitude of social and environmental factors that may impact child development
Urie bronfenbrenner
Bio ecological systems of dev
Human development is shaped by
complex interactions between individuals and their environments
Bio ecological model
where a person’s individual
microsystems do not function independently but are
interconnected and assert influence upon one another
Mesosystem
incorporates other formal and informal social structures.
While not directly interacting with the child, still
influences the microsystems
Exosystem
theory which emphasizes on the
effect of culture and social factors
in contributing to cognitive
development
Social development theory
Lev vygotsky
believes that
community plays a central role in
the process of learning
Vygotsky
application of evolutionary
theory to social behavior.
Sociobiology
EO Wilson
through this, individuals with more adaptive
characteristics pass on their traits to future generations at higher levels than individuals who are less adaptively fit
Differential reproduction success
the extension of population biology
and evolutionary theory to social
organization
EO Wilson sociobiology
based on the premise that some behaviors (social and individual) are at least partly inherited and can be affected by natural selection
Sociobiology
