4

Question 1

focuses on thought processes and the behavior that reflects those processes

Answer 1

Cognitive perspective

Question 2

encompasses both organismic and mechanistically influenced theories

Answer 2

Cognitive perspective

Question 3

viewed development as the
product of children’s efforts to
understand and act on their world

Answer 3

Piaget

Question 4

believed that development
was discontinuous, so his theory
describes development as occurring in stages

Answer 4

Piaget

Question 5

They relate to the emergence of the general
symbolic function, which is the capacity to represent
the world mentally

Answer 5

Sensorimotor stage

Question 6

the child does not use
operations, so the thinking is influenced by the way
things appear rather than logical reasoning

Answer 6

Pre-operational stage

Question 7

child can use operations (a set of logical rules) so she can conserve quantities, she realizes that people see the world in a different way than he does (decentring) and he has
improved in inclusion tasks

Answer 7

Concrete operational stage

Question 8

development can be understood only in its social context

Answer 8

Contextual perspective

Question 9

see the individual, not as a
separate entity interacting with
the environment, but as an inseparable part of it

Answer 9

Contextualists

Question 10

considers the relationship
between individuals and their
physical, cognitive, and social
worlds

Answer 10

Contextual perspective

Question 11

Development within the context of human interaction

Answer 11

Lev vygotsky

Question 12

Many diverse context for development

Answer 12

Urie bronfenbrenner

Question 13

the distance between the actual
developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more
capable peers

Answer 13

Lev vygotsky
Zone of proximal development

Question 14

when students are provided with the support while learning a new concept or skill, they are better able to use that knowledge independently

Answer 14

Bruner’s scaffolding theory

Question 15

the role of teachers and others in supporting the learner’s development and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level

Answer 15

Instructional scaffolding
Vygotsky

Question 16

highlighted the multitude of social and environmental factors that may impact child development

Answer 16

Urie bronfenbrenner
Bio ecological systems of dev

Question 17

Human development is shaped by
complex interactions between individuals and their environments

Answer 17

Bio ecological model

Question 18

where a person’s individual
microsystems do not function independently but are
interconnected and assert influence upon one another

Answer 18

Mesosystem

Question 19

incorporates other formal and informal social structures.
While not directly interacting with the child, still
influences the microsystems

Answer 19

Exosystem

Question 20

theory which emphasizes on the
effect of culture and social factors
in contributing to cognitive
development

Answer 20

Social development theory
Lev vygotsky

Question 21

believes that
community plays a central role in
the process of learning

Answer 21

Vygotsky

Question 22

application of evolutionary
theory to social behavior.

Answer 22

Sociobiology
EO Wilson

Question 23

through this, individuals with more adaptive
characteristics pass on their traits to future generations at higher levels than individuals who are less adaptively fit

Answer 23

Differential reproduction success

Question 24

the extension of population biology
and evolutionary theory to social
organization

Answer 24

EO Wilson sociobiology

Question 25

based on the premise that some behaviors (social and individual) are at least partly inherited and can be affected by natural selection

Answer 25

Sociobiology