3.1 Flashcards
the person acts on the world, and the world acts on the person
Reciprocal determinism - bandura
suggest that impetus of development is bidirectional
Bandura and walters (1963)
people learn from one another via
observation, imitation, modeling
Social learning theory
been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation
Social learning theory
present the important role of social interaction in the development of cognition
Vygotsky’s theories
believed community plays a central role in the process of “
Making meaning
Vygotsky
based on the philosophy that individuals can learn through observing and imitating the observable behaviour of others
Social learning theory
proposed the social learning theory as an alternative to the previous work of fellow psychologist B.F. Skinner, was famous as a proponent of the behaviourist theory
Albert Bandura and Robert Sears
according, both cognitive and environmental factors interact
to affect observable behaviour
and the learning process
Social learning theorists
he adds two significant evolution
process ideas in human learning behaviours:
1 in a human society, people learn behavior from the environment through observational learning process
2 mediating processes take place between stimulus and response
His studies showed that children imitate each other because they observe the actions of others and copy them.
Bandura
Observational learning/ modeling
key element in how children learn
a language, deal with aggression,
develop a moral sense, and learn
gender-appropriate behaviors
Imitation of models
method of social cognition
learning that includes
knowledge acquisition
through observing and
modelling others’ emotional
expressions, attitudes or
behaviour in human society.
- It is largely believed that the
observer will copy the model
Observational learning
key concept in behavioral theories, which focus on how people learn through interactions with the environment
Observational learning
behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it. a behavior is reinforced, it is more likely to
be repeated in the future
Behavioral theories
Bandura’s emphasis on the ____ in observational learning
highlights the importance of __
Role of reinforcement
Positive feedback in shaping behavior
Conditions / elements of social learning theory
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
learner must first pay attention to
the behavior being
exhibited
Attention
How well the behavior is
remembered. The behavior
may be noticed, but it is not
always remembered, which
obviously
Retention
Prevents imitation
It is important, therefore, that
a memory of the behavior is
formed to be performed later
by the observer.
Retention
try reading or
watching a course
before bed and
then testing
yourself in the
morning. You might
find you’ve
managed to retain
the information
overnight
Retention
This requisite of behavior
concerns the physical
and mental ability of the
individual to copy the
behavior he or she
observed.
Reproduction
child may see an
adult basketball
player put on a ball.
Afterwards, when
the kid has a
basketball, he may
try to put a ball like
the adult player
Reproduction
People can
learn from each
other through
observation,
imitation, and
Modeling
Motivation
if a student sees another student
praised by the teacher for doing a
physical task, the first child might
start to engage in the same physical
task too. Similarly, if the child knew
that the other child was punished
for making a mistake in the
physical task, he would avoid that
mistake in his task.
- the child is likely to mimic those behaviors.
If rewarded, these behaviors become
reinforced and most likely to be
Repeated by the individual
Motivation
