Nature of Statistics and Data Processing Flashcards
Totality of methods and treatments employed in the collection, description, and analysis of numerical data. The purpose of descriptive statistics is to tell something about a particular group of observations.
Descriptive Statistics
Logical process from sample analysis to a generalization or conclusion about a population.
It is called statistical inference or inductive statistics.
Inferential Statistics
Consist of all the members of the group about which one wants to draw a conclusion.
Population
Portion or part of the population used to describe the whole group.
Sample
4 Random Sampling Technique
- Simple random sampling
- Systematic sampling
- Stratified random sampling
- Cluster sampling
Whose members had an equal chance of being selected from the population; it is also called probability sampling.
Random Sampling Technique
It is a process of selecting sample size in the population via random numbers or through lottery and not on a systematic pattern.
[random sampling technique]
Simple random sampling
It is a process of selecting a kth element in the population until the desired number of subjects or respondents is attained.
[random sampling technique]
Systematic sampling
A method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller sub-groups known as strata.
[random sampling technique]
Stratified random sampling
It is a process of selecting clusters from a population which is very large or widely spread out over a wide geographical area.
[random sampling technique]
Cluster sampling
Sampling procedure where samples selected in a deliberate manner with little or no attention to randomization; it is also called non-probability sampling.
Non-random Sampling Process
It is a process of selecting a group of individuals who are available for study.
[non-random sampling]
Convenience sampling
It is a process of selecting based from judgment to select a sample which the researcher believed, based on prior information, will provide the data they need, it is also called as judgment sampling.
[non-random sampling]
Purposive Sampling
It is applied when an investigator survey collects information from an assigned number, or quota of individuals from one of several sample units fulfilling certain prescribed criteria or belonging to one stratum.
[non-random sampling]
Quota Sampling
It is a technique in which one or more members of a population are located and used to lead the researchers to other members of the population.
[non-random sampling]
Snowball Sampling
It is a technique when samples are composed of respondents who are self-selected into the study/survey. Most of the time, samples have a strong interest in the topic of the study.
[non-random sampling]
Voluntary Sampling
It is a technique when the researcher relies on his/her personal/sound judgment in choosing to participate in the study or the sample selected is based on the opinion of an expert.
[non-random sampling]
Judgement Sampling
Information gathered from the sample/population.
Data
Mutually exclusive and exhaustive; meaning it is used to differentiate classes or categories for purely classification or identification.
[noir]
Nominal
Weakest form of measurement.
[noir]
Nominal
Used in ranking. It is somewhat stronger form of measurement, because an observed value classified into one category is said to possess more of a property being scaled than does observed value classified into another category.
[noir]
Ordinal (order)
They provide meaningful insights into attitudes, preferences, and behaviors by understanding the order of responses.
[noir]
Ordinal