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Biostatistics & Epidemiology > Hypothesis > Flashcards

Hypothesis Flashcards

1
Q

Introduced by sir Ronald Fisher, Jerzy Newman, Karl Pearson and Egon Pearson

A

Hypothesis

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2
Q

Statistical method that is used in making statistical decisions using experimental data.

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

[3] Methods of Test Hypothesis

A
  1. Traditional method
  2. P-value method
  3. Confidence interval method
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4
Q

[4] Scientific Method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Data gathering
  4. Data analysis
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5
Q

Statistical hypothesis is an assumption or claim about the population parameter.

[scientific method]

A

Hypothesis

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6
Q

Collection of evidences to prove or disprove the claim.

[scientific method]

A

Data gathering

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7
Q

Processing the evidence to give meaning or significance.

[scientific method]

A

Data analysis

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8
Q

A statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about the population parameter. This conjecture may or may not be true.

A

Statistical Hypothesis

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9
Q

[2] Types of Statistical Hypothesis1

A
  1. Null hypothesis
  2. Alternative hypothesis
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10
Q

currently accepted / Established thing.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Null hypothesis

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11
Q

Always opposite of Null, involves the claim to be tested.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Alternative hypothesis

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12
Q

It’s a statistical hypothesis testing that assumes that the observation is due to a chance factor.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Null hypothesis

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13
Q

Currently accepted fact, contrary to the claim that is YET to be proven.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Null hypothesis

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14
Q

Expressed with negative tone statement.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Null hypothesis

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15
Q

It is the opposite of the null hypothesis; it shows that observations are the result of a real effect. It states that there is a difference between two population means (or parameters).

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Alternative hypothesis

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16
Q

Aka RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Alternative hypothesis

17
Q

Statement/claim that is YET TO BE PROVEN!

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Alternative hypothesis

18
Q

Expressed with positive tone hypothesis.

[statistical hypothesis]

A

Alternative hypothesis

19
Q

It shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected when test value is in the critical region on one side of the mean.

[one/two tailed]

A

One tailed test

20
Q

It may be either a right tailed or left tailed test, depending on the direction of the inequality of the alternative hypothesis.

[one/two tailed]

A

One tailed test

21
Q

It shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected the test value is in either of the two critical regions.

[one/two tailed]

A

Two-tailed test

22
Q

[2] Decision making errors

A
  1. Type 1 error
  2. Type 2 error
23
Q

Error of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

[decision making errors]

A

Type I error (a)

24
Q

When it is important not to make a mistake of rejecting a true H0.

[decision making errors]

A

Type 1 error (a)

25
Q

Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, when in fact the null hypothesis is true.

[decision making errors]

A

Type I error (a)

26
Q

AKA Alpha Error.

[decision making errors]

A

Type I error (a)

27
Q

In simple explanation: rejects null when null is in fact correct.

[decision making errors]

A

Type II error (b)

28
Q

Probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis.

[decision making errors]

A

Type II error (b)

29
Q

It is important not to accept a false H0.

[decision making errors]

A

Type II error (b)

30
Q

Related to the type I error.

[decision making errors]

A

Type II error (b)

31
Q

In simple explanation: do not reject the null when null is in fact wrong.

[decision making errors]

A

Type II error (b)

32
Q

[2] Critical value

A
  1. Critical region
  2. Non-critical region
33
Q

Also known as REJECTION REGION or alpha region.

[critical value]

A

Critical region

34
Q

Range of the values of the test value that indicates that there is significant difference and that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

[critical value]

A

Critical region

35
Q

Favors the alternative hypothesis.

[critical value]

A

Critical region

36
Q

Also known as NON-REJECTION REGION or beta region.

[critical value]

A

Non-critical region

37
Q

Range of values of the test value that indicates that the difference was probably due to change and the null hypothesis should not be rejected.

[critical value]

A

Non-critical region

38
Q

Favors the null hypothesis.

[critical value]

A

Non-critical region

Biostatistics & Epidemiology (12 decks)

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