Nature of evidence Flashcards
What is involved in the direct transfer of evidence?
Passing of evidence directly from A to B with no intermediate interventions
What is involved in the indirect transfer of evidence?
Passing of evidence from A to B to C and so on, with multiple intermediate interventions
What factors impact how much evidence is transferred?
Pressure applied during contact, number of contacts, nature of the material, form of evidence and surface area
What factors impact the persistence of evidence?
Nature and location of the evidence, the environment, time of transfer and activity
How is evidence categorised into classes?
Descriptions place evidence into classes based on similar characteristics to help indicate objects originate from a common source
How is evidence categorised into an individualised group?
A unique object associated with only one source is placed into a group with only one member
What makes a piece of evidence questioned evidence?
The original source is unknown
What makes a piece of evidence known evidence
The original source is known
What is coincidental association?
Situation where two things are analytically indistinguishable at a certain class level despite never being in contact
What is control evidence?
Materials with known sources used for comparison
What is the purpose of positive control evidence?
Ensures tests are working properly, preventing a false negative
What is the purpose of negative control evidence?
Prevents a false positive results
What is a type 1 error?
Error which causes a person to be falsely incriminated
What is a type 2 error?
Error which causes a person to be falsely exonerated from a crime
