Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensics > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary cause of death?

A

Conditions which explain the cessation of life, beginning with the most recent and moving backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the secondary cause of death?

A

Conditions not related to the cause of death but contribute substantially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is determined in the study of molecular genetics?

A

The identification of DNA (genes), diagnosing certain diseases, prediction of prognosis and treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of death?

A

Disease or injury that led to the death. May be underlying, intermediate and immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of death?

A

Physiological, metabolic or anatomic alterations produced in the underlying cause of death that results in the fatal episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the manner of death

A

Means or circumstance by which a death occurred. Natural, accidental, suicide, homicide or undetermined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are satellite blood drops?

A

Smaller blood droplets that splash away when a larger drop hits a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is indandione as a fingerprint detection method?

A

Reacts with amino acids to produce a fluorescent product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is sudan black as a fingerprint detection method?

A

Reacts with fats and lipids from fingerprints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four stages of droplet to bloodstain formation?

A

Contact and collapse, displacement, dispersion and retraction (equilibrium wetting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is surfactant drowning (dry drowning)?

A

Inhalation of water during near drowning causes surfactant in the lungs to be removed. The lungs sac stick together and gas exchange is inhibited. Results in fluid build up in lungs and pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the differences between a forensic and an independent photographer?

A

Forensic photographer produces evidence to be used in court. Independent photographer provides service to lawyers, insurance agencies and police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What factors affect the onset of postmortem changes?

A

Temperature, humidity, body weight, infection, drugs, wounds, clothing, artificial cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can mtDNA be used to determine?

A

Maternal relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be determined about nDNA between individuals?

A

The sequences can be compared to determine if one set of DNA is derived from another, indicating paternal relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What region of the DNA does DNA profiling target?

A

The intron regions (non-coding DNA). Also the short tandem repeats, specifically the number of repeats at each region under analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four types of trauma?

A

Mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrical

18
Q

What are the two types of mechanical trauma and what is the result of each?

A

Sharp force which cuts or pierces tissue with a sharp object, incised wound. Blunt force which is a dull object producing lacerations or tears in tissues

19
Q

What are the two types of thermal trauma?

A

Hypothermia, extreme cold. Hyperthermia, extreme heat

20
Q

What does the NAFIS encode?

A

Ten print images by creating an algorithm analysing minutiae from fingerprints

21
Q

What level of damage must be done to cause permanent alteration to ridge formation?

A

The dermis must be penetrated

22
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

23
Q

What does the ABACard Heme-Trace test detect?

A

The presence of human haemoglobin to screen for the presence of blood

24
Q

What are the 2D and 3D considerations of analysing clothing in blood analysis?

A

2D - position of victim, proximity of victim and suspect. 3D considerations involve the body being a curved surface and movement of the body

25
Q

What is Locards principle?

A

Contact between two items will results in the exchange of microscopicmaterial

26
Q

What is the difference between a medicolegal and a medical autopsy?

A

A medical autopsy is conducted by doctor request and with family permission. A medicolegal autopsy is ordered by a coroner or medical examiner to determine identity, time of death and to collect evidence

27
Q

What circumstances require a medicolegal autopsy?

A

If a person dies unexpectedly, unnaturally, under suspicious circumstances, in custody

28
Q

What is circumstantial evidence?

A

Presumptive pieces of evidence found on the body such as ID, jewelry

29
Q

What is physical evidence?

A

Attributes including sex, age, race, height. Distinctive marks such as tattoos, scars

30
Q

What is used to reveal tattoos on decomposed/charred remains?

A

Hydrogen peroxide and UV light

31
Q

In a crash investigation, what is analysed in an intermediate level crash?

A

Stat data and data from the vehicle

32
Q

In a crash investigation, what is analysed in a major incident?

A

Requires and in depth investigation into the cause

33
Q

What are the main wildlife crimes?

A

Hunting, poaching, trade, cruelty, persecution, accidents

34
Q

What is involved in entomotoxicology?

A

Test for the presence of toxins and to determined whether a poisoning was intentional or non-intentional

35
Q

Why was there a lower death rate of UK convicts compared to the US?

A

UK prisons kept their convicts healthy as they used them as workers while US prisons didnt treat them well

36
Q

What was discovered about the death rates of the Egypt Expeditionary force?

A

The ratio of death from disease:combat was 37:1

37
Q

What does the 1972 National Parks and Wildlife act regulate?

A

What animals can be killed with or without a permit

38
Q

What does the 1985 Animal Welfare Act regulate?

A

Covers all vertebrae, except for humans and fish. Regulates the transport, killing and overall management of animals

39
Q

What does the convention of international trade of endangered species (CITES) regulate?

A

Prevents international trade of an agreed upon list of endangered species

40
Q

What is involved in determining species postmortem?

A

Visual and skeletal system analysis. DNA typing through amplifying specific genes for identification

41
Q

What are the issues with researching wildlife international trade?

A

Low search rates, low punishment and lack of info from airlines

42
Q

What classifies minor and major wildlife crime offenders?

A

Minor involves permit violations and major involves illegal trade and crime for financial gain

Forensics (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions