Natural Resource Management (UK and Nepal) Flashcards
What is the Hidden Hand?
Each individual is led by an invisible hand - private markets are efficient on their own without government interference
What is utilitarianism?
Greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
What is a public good?
Accessible to the public and not owned by anyone
Non-rivalrous - consumption by 1 person doesn’t reduce the amount of good for another
Non-excludable
When was UK nearly free of woodland?
1086
What was the state of UK forest in 1900?
England and Wales 4%
Scotland and Ireland 2%
When was there government intervention on British forestry?
1919 strategic defence after WW1
1930s Rural employment
1940s strategic defence after WW2
When and what discount rate was applied to British forests?
1950s - 1970s
3%
When was the British Forestry Act? + what?
1967
In order to balance the needs for timber supply with conservation and enhancement of natural beauty
When was the UK Forest Policy? + what?
1991
Sustainable management of existing forest
Steady expansion of tree cover
How much woodland in UK 1990s?
10%
2 million ha of productive woodland
What is the state of English forestry today?
75% of England’s woodlands are privately owned
What is the other 25% of forest owned up?
Forestry commision - public good
Types of property rights?
Open access
Private
State controlled
Give 4 examples of common pool resources?
Water/sea, fisheries, rangelands, forests
What are the problems with Common Pool Resources?
It is difficult to exclude potential users
Subtractable and rivalrous
Managed under common property regime - transaction costs
What are the benefits of a Common Property Regime?
Social equity - all have equal access Resource heterogeneity Resource reduction and insurance Common interest for sustainability of the resource Community cooperation
Geography of Nepal?
High topographic variation
Shares Mt Everest with China
Nepalese society?
Social discrimination in form of Caste system
How many Nepalese make their livelihoods from agriculture?
80%
When did Nepalese government nationalise the forests? and what impact did it have?
1957
Local people lost access and livelihoods and general quality decline due to illegal exploitation
What happened in 1976 Nepal Forestry? and why?
Community Forest Management introduced to ensure local ownership, enhance quality and improve equitable access
% of Nepal population Dalit in 2011?
13.1%
What is the social impact of being Dalit?
-48% poverty
-40% literacy
- 60% childhood malnutrition
- 85% food deficiency
48 years life expectancy
How are Dalits able to improve their situation?
By moving from rural locations to urban, commercialising their traditional occupations and advancing their education
