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History > Native Americans And The Early Pioneers > Flashcards

Native Americans And The Early Pioneers Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did they migrate across?

A

Bering Striet from Siberia

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2
Q

Which continent did they spread across?

A

North America

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3
Q

Where did the Indians first live in America?

A

River valley in the east

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4
Q

Why did the Indians move from the river valley?

A

European settlers started discovering America and started settling there and moved the Indians onto the plains

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5
Q

Where did the Indians originally come from?

A

North Asia

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6
Q

What did the Indians get from the European settlers?

A

Horses

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7
Q

Why were horse useful to the Indians?

A

They were able to hunt the buffalo far more easily and enabled them to live successfully on the plains

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8
Q

What diseases did the European settlers bring?

A

Smallpox and cholera

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9
Q

What was the plains called on the early maps?

A

The great American desert

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10
Q

What was near the Great Plains?

A

It was in the north of the American continent and lies between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. The Great Plains stretch from the Canada to the Mexico border

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11
Q

What does semi-arid mean?

A

Little water available in most areas of the plains

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12
Q

What animals were inhabited on the plains?

A
  • locust
  • grasshoppers
  • wolves
  • gophers
  • antelope
  • rabbits
  • birds
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13
Q

What are characteristics of the Great Plains?

A
  • gently rolling grass lands
  • slow flowing rivers
  • enormous size
  • flat and featureless areas
  • lack of tress
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14
Q

What was the weather like on the plains?

A

Extremely cold and violent winters and scorching summer winds

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15
Q

What does nomadic mean?

A

When you don’t stay in one place just like the Indians

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16
Q

Why did they live a nomadic life?

A
  • to follow the Buffaloes
  • Indians thought the land was provided by the great spirit for all living creatures to share, therefore no one should ever live permanently on a piece of land
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17
Q

Which tribe was the most famous?

A

Apache, Sioux and Cheyenne because they were lead by a council of elders

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18
Q

Which tribe dominated the North?

A

Blackfoot, Assiniboine and crow

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19
Q

Where were the largest tribes?

A

In the centre of the plains

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20
Q

Which tribes were in the centre plains?

A

Sioux and Cheyenne

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21
Q

What tribes were in the south of the plains?

A

Comanche, Kiowa and Arapaho

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22
Q

What tribe was the biggest?

A

The Sioux with 25,000 people

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23
Q

What was each band lead by?

A

A chief

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24
Q

Did the chief have any formal power?

A

No if people didn’t like the way the chief was doing they would follow someone else

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25
Q

How did someone become a chief?

A

Because of there wisdom, skills as a hunter or warrior

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26
Q

Why did people have respect for Chiefs ?

A

Because of his bravery in war and wisdom

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27
Q

What was the native police called?

A

Dog-soldiers

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28
Q

What did dog soldiers do?

A

Fed the old and weak
Stopped the buffalo from being scared away
Controlled the hunt

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29
Q

What was each tribe split into?

A

Band of about 100-500

30
Q

Who was the chef helped by?

A

The council of elders

31
Q

Who would the council of elders listen for advise off?

A

Chiefs
Medicine men
Elders

32
Q

What would be smoked at the tribal councils?

A

Ceremonial pipe

33
Q

What shape did the tribal councils sit in?

A

A circle

34
Q

What did the Native Americans live in?

A

A tipi

35
Q

Who made the tipi?

A

Women who sewed buffalo hides together into semicircles

36
Q

What were the hides placed over for the tipi?

A

Cone of wooden poles

37
Q

Why was the tipi in a shape of a semi circle

A

To withstand strong winds

38
Q

Why were there flaps on the tipi?

A

To draw the smoke out from the fire and pipes inside

39
Q

What were tipis decorated with?

A

Geometric designs or bright coloured pictures of birds and animals

40
Q

How quick could a tipi be taken down?

A

Very quickly in about 1hour

41
Q

What did the poles from the tipi turn into?

A

A travois where all the families possessions would be packed and pulled by a horse

42
Q

What were women’s roles in Indian life?

A
  • packing away tipi and moving the family from one place to another
  • preparing food
  • making clothes
  • on some tribes they have to search for berries and edible plants
43
Q

What were the role of men in the Indians life?

A

-hunt buffalo on horseback

44
Q

Were children ever punished?

A

No

45
Q

Why were babies taught not to cry?

A

So they didn’t scare away the buffalo

46
Q

What were the children’s role in Indian life?

A

Boys - learnt about hunting and welfare

Girls - learnt how to prepare food, make clothes from buffalo skin and learnt how to pack away the tipis and family belongings

Both - lookouts on the edge of the village, giving warnings of unwelcome visitors

47
Q

What happened if if I wife’s husband was killed in battle?

A

The wife would be taken in by another man even if he already had another wife also known as polygamy and the white settlers called the Indians savages for doing this

48
Q

How did a man try and impress a women?

A

With his bravery, or gifts of horses or buffalo skins to her family

49
Q

Were there arranged marriages?

A

Sometimes but most marriages were love matches

50
Q

What games did Indians play to help th survive on the Great Plains?

A
  • horse racing

- shooting contests

51
Q

What were elders role on the Great Plains?

A

-story-tellers who passed on the history of the tribe

52
Q

What happened when the elderly got to weak and helpless?

A
  • young found it a honour to feed the old and weak

- when they got to helpless they were left behind by the tribe to die or they voluntarily committed exposure

53
Q

What was the worse crime an Indian could of committed?

A
  • not looking after parents
  • hurting people who were sick
  • harming religion
54
Q

Who would people go to to contact the great spirit through visions?

A

The medicine man

55
Q

Who did medicine men call upon?

A

The sick and advise chief and elders

56
Q

Indians were usually associate with animals why?

A

It was claimed that the animal had given them their powers the bear was a favourite

57
Q

What was a greatest fear for Indians?

A

Being scalped because Indians that you did not have your spirit this meant that you couldn’t move on to your after life

58
Q

Why were special feathers awarded?

A

For counting coup

59
Q

What does happy hunting ground mean?

A

The Indians after life

60
Q

What was war based on?

A

Ambush and kill

61
Q

Was Indians forced into war?

A

No they would chose to follow the chief into war or not

62
Q

Why were buffalo a important?

A

-they would use buffalo parts for survival

63
Q

What were the Indians currency?

A

Horses they would trade things with the white settlers to get horses or over items

64
Q

What did horses enable the Indians to do?

A

Fight other band and steal there horses

65
Q

What would they place around the horses neck?

A

There most valuable possessions

66
Q

Why were circles important to the Indians?

A

Because they had no beginning or end. The sun the moon and the circle of life all had meaning this way. That’s why the tipis were circular

67
Q

What did a man do to contact the spirits?

A

When a man of age, he would take part in a ceremony which involved fasting, self harming,going into trace and seeing an animal that was a spirit friend

68
Q

What is the sun dance?

A

The sun dance featured a centre pole signifying the sun from which the young man hung themselves from there nipples

69
Q

What did the Indians believe the spirits did to the weather and illness on the plains

A

They believe the spirits brought harsh weather and they thought the medicine would be able to speak to them and ask for help

70
Q

What did they call land?

A

Mother

71
Q

Where did Indians believed they come from?

A

The earth

History (18 decks)

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