nasm ch 04

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

The biology of energy transformations and exchanges within the body and between it and the environment

Question 2

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 2

A cellular structure that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis
energy storage and transfer unit within the body

Question 3

Oxygen

Answer 3

The primary element for bodily function, necessary for activity prolonged for greater than 30 seconds

Question 4

Bioenergetic continuum/

metabolic pathways

Answer 4

Three main pathways that produce ATP for energy in the body

1) ATP-CP - Anaerobic
2) Glycolysis system Anaerobic
3) The Oxidative System - Aerobic
- Aerobic glycolysis
- The Krebs cycle
- the electron transport chain

Question 5

Anaerobic bioenergetic pathways

Answer 5

ATP-CP, glycolysis

Question 6

Oxidative/aerobic pathway

Answer 6

Bioenergetic pathway for long-term lower intensity energy expenditure, begins with activity of 30 seconds and predominates in longer duration activities lasting more than 2 minutes; breaks down carbohydrates & fats and can produce lactic acid like glycolysis

Question 7

metabolism

Answer 7

all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself.
the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body

Question 8

exercise metabolism

Answer 8

the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise

Question 9

substrates

Answer 9

the material or substance on which an enzyme acts

Question 10

carbohydrate

Answer 10

organic compounds of carbon hydrogen and oxygen which include starches, cellulose and sugars and are an important source of energy.
all carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel

Question 12

glycogen

Answer 12

the complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. when carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose

Question 13

fat

Answer 13

one of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. they also serve as energy store for the body. two types in food - saturated and unsaturated

Question 14

triglycerides

Answer 14

the chemical or substrate form in which fat exists in the body and food

Question 15

protein

Answer 15

amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur… usually have several essential biologic compounds

Question 16

glucogenesis

Answer 16

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids… in starvation or low-cal diet…

Question 17

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 17

a high-energy compound occuring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate is formed

Question 18

B-oxidation

Answer 18

the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP

Question 19

excess post exercise oxygen consumption

Answer 19

the state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise

Question 20

RQ

Answer 20

CO2/O2
RQ = 1, 100% CHO, 0% fat
RQ = .7, 0 CHO, 100% fat

Question 21

fat burning zone myth

Answer 21

exercising at a lower intensity does not mean burning more fat - it looks like it - but working harder will burn more