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NASM Study Deck > nasm ch 03 > Flashcards

nasm ch 03 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mediastinum

A

the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

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2
Q

Cardiac muscle contraction

A

Fibers shorter & more tightly connected so stimulate others to contract synchronously; built in contraction rhythm & highest rhythm fibers determine rate

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3
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

Heart pacemaker in right atrium; initiates heartbeat

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4
Q

Atrium (atria)

A

The smaller, superior chambers of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the lower & larger chambers. gather blood returning to the heart act like a reservoir

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5
Q

Right atrium

A

Chamber which gathers deoxygenated blood returning via the veins to the heart from the body

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6
Q

Left atrium

A

Superior left chamber which gathers reoxygenated blood returning via the veins to the heart from the lungs

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7
Q

Ventricles

A

Thelarger, inferior chambers of the heart which receive blood from the corresponding superior & smaller chambers and force blood into the arteries; main pumps in the heart

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8
Q

Right ventricle

A

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from corresponding chamber and pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

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9
Q

Left ventricle

A

Chamber that receives reoxygenated blood from corresponding chamber and pumps it through the aorta artery to the body

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10
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

Amount of blood pumped out with each contraction of a ventricle; approximately 75-80 mL/beat
difference between ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) => EDV-ESV

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11
Q

Cardiac output (Q)

A

SV x HR, stroke volume x heart rate

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12
Q

Blood transports

A

Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues, heat throughout

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13
Q

Blood regulates

A

Body temperature and acid balance

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14
Q

Blood protects what

A

One function of this material is to protect the body from excessive bleeding by clotting, contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease

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15
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart, more muscular

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16
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart, closer to surface, contain valves to keep blood flowing towards heart

17
Q

Blood vessels

A

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

18
Q

Aorta

A

The root systemic artery that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and then branches to the upper and lower body; largest artery

19
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood that has just returned from the body to the heart towards the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen

20
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Vessels that carry reoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

21
Q

Superior and inferior vena cava

A

2 major vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

22
Q

Arterioles

A

Small terminal branches of an artery which end in capillaries

23
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels which connect venules with arterioles

24
Q

Venules

A

Very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins

25
Q

Respiratory pump

A

The combination of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissue (muscles and pleural membranes) located in the thoracic cavity that supports inspiration and expiration

26
Q

Inspiration

A

The process of actively contracting muscles to move air into the body

27
Q

Expiration

A

The process of passively relaxing (or actively contracting if heavy breathing) muscles to move air out of the body

28
Q

Respiratory bones

A

Sternum, ribs, vertebrae

29
Q

Inspiratory muscles

A

Normal- diaphragm, external intercostal, Deep- add scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor

30
Q

Expiratory muscles

A

Internal intercostals, abdominals

31
Q

Conduction passageways

A

All the passageways through which air passes before entering the respiratory passageways; nasal & oral cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right & left pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles

32
Q

Respiratory passageways

A

Alveoli, alveolar sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion

33
Q

Oxygen consumption (VO2) at rest

A

About 3.5 mL /kg body weight/minute or 1 MET

VO2 = Q X a - v o2

34
Q

VO2 max

A

Highest rate of oxygen consumption at maximal physical exertion, 40-80 mL/kg body weight or 11-23 METs

35
Q

Submaximal VO2 protocols

A

Rockport Walk Test, Step Test, good generalizations but based on assumptions that can contribute to estimate errors

36
Q

diffusion

A

getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body

37
Q

Fick equation

A

VO2 = Q X a - v o2

VO2 is a product of cardiac output

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