N45-46

Question 1

Acetylcholine at motor end plate

Answer 1

Nicotinic coupled to Na channels for depolarization of the muscle cell and contraction

Question 2

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 2

hydrolyzes the ACh

Question 3

GABA

Answer 3

inhibitory effects in CNS

Question 4

Valium

Answer 4

enhances GABA effects for muscle relaxation

Question 5

Dopamine

Answer 5

activation of DIRECT pathway, death of nigrostriatal neurons causes parkinsonism

Question 6

Glycine

Answer 6

inhibitory (spinal reflexes)

Question 7

Strychince and tetanus toxin

Answer 7

block glycine receptors and cause tetanic contractions

Question 8

Aspartate and glutamate

Answer 8

excitatory

Question 9

Antiepileptic drug (felbamate)

Answer 9

blcks NMDA (glutamate) receptors

Question 10

Tubocurarine/Pavulon

Answer 10

competitive non-depolarizing nicotinic blockade

Question 11

Succinylcholine

Answer 11

depolarizing blockade (initial depolarization followed by a blockade)

Question 12

Neuromuscular blockades

Answer 12

cause paralysis by blocking neuromuscular junctions but still conscious

Question 13

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Answer 13

prevents hydrolysis of acetylcholine

Question 14

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 14

decreased number of cholinergic receptors, ACH inhibitors raise ACh in synaptic clefts

Question 15

Insecticides

Answer 15

ACh inhibitors, ACh cannot unbind nicotinic receptor

Question 16

Valium and benzo

Answer 16

enhances GABA in CNS for relaxation, does this by enhancing GABAs ability to open associated Cl channel for relaxation effect

Question 17

Benzo treats

Answer 17

acute muscle spasms

Question 18

Baclofen

Answer 18

GABA agonists that inhibits excitatory neurons

Question 19

Valium

Answer 19

treats spastic muscles, enhances GABA

Question 20

Baclofen

Answer 20

muscles spasms from UMN lesion, ALS, spinal cord injury (GABA agonist)

Question 21

Baclofen side effects

Answer 21

CNS depression

Question 22

Dantrolene

Answer 22

direct acting muscle relaxant, inhibits Ca release in SR (malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

Question 23

Convulsive stimulants

Answer 23

strychnine, tetanus toxin

Question 24

Strychnine

Answer 24

recurrent inhibition by renshaw cells via glycine inhibition, strychnine is a glycine antagonist –>tetanic seizures

Question 25

Tetanus toxin

Answer 25

inhibits release of glycine from renshaw cells

Question 26

Treatment for Parkinsons

Answer 26

death of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in increased ACh, treatment involves increased dopamine or reducing ACh

Question 27

Causes for Parkinsons

Answer 27

MPTP compound –> MPP+ toxin accumulates in substantia nigra

Question 28

I-DOPA

Answer 28

Dopamine precursor to raise dopamine levels

Question 29

Eldepryl

Answer 29

inhibits metabolism of dopamine by MAO-B

Question 30

Entacapone (Comtan)

Answer 30

inhibits COMTand slows metabolism of dopamine in cleft

Question 31

Bromocryptine (Parlodel)

Answer 31

stimulates dopamine receptors

Question 32

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Answer 32

stimulates release of dopamine

Question 33

Benztropine (cogentin)

Answer 33

muscarinic antagonist