N40-N43

Question 1

LMN lesion

Answer 1

hyporeflexia, flaccid, hypotonia, fasciculations, fibrillations, profound severe atrophy,

Question 2

UMN lesion

Answer 2

hypereflexia, hypertonicity, spastic, clonus, babinksi sign (+), muscle weakness, disuse atrophy

Question 3

Lesion of MI superior to spinomedullary junction

Answer 3

muscle weakness (PARESIS) on contralateral side, noticed for distal muscles (fine movements)

Question 4

PMC lesion

Answer 4

(uncoordinated complex tasks) NO paresis, strength and tone normal; APRAXIC: impaired ability to form complex movement, simple movements intact

Question 5

Perseveration

Answer 5

tendency to continue certain movement, even though movement is unsuccessful; reflex intact

Question 6

SMA lesion

Answer 6

(uncoordinated bilaterally) inability to coordinate actions between sides; no weakness

Question 7

PMA lesion

Answer 7

Apraxia; NO weakness; inability to incorporate sensory into motor (agraphesthesia and astereognosis) = motor disturbances for complex movement

Question 8

FEF lesion

Answer 8

unilateral lesion = inability to look to contralateral side

Question 9

Cerebellar lesion

Answer 9

ipsilateral; ataxia, dysmetria (how far away something is), dysdiadochokinesia (rapid movement impairment), tremor during movements, slowed movement and speech

Question 10

Basal ganglia lesion

Answer 10

akinesia (can’t move), dyskinesia (abnormal movement), either hypertonic or hypotonic,

Question 11

Parkinsonism

Answer 11

akinesia and HYPERtonia, decreased dopamine; cog-wheel tremors, shuffling

Question 12

Chorea

Answer 12

dyskinesia and HYPOtonia: lesions to corpus striatum, loss of ACh, irregular, brisk, jerking movements

Question 13

Tremore-at-rest

Answer 13

dyskinesia and HYPOtonia; tremor present during inactivity

Question 14

Athetosis

Answer 14

slow, writhing movements of muscles (worm like)

Question 15

Ballism

Answer 15

lesion to subthalamic nucleus, contralateral side = unwanted jerking movements

Question 16

Decorticate

Answer 16

b/w motor cortex and brainstem. loss of CST, while rubrospinal tract and VST are intact causing flexion of upper arms and extension of lower

Question 17

Decerebrate

Answer 17

b/w superior and inferior colliculi; CST and RST lost, VST still intact for extension