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Neuro > N39 > Flashcards

N39 Flashcards

1
Q

Corpus striatum refers to

A

caudate + putamen + globus pallidus

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2
Q

Striatum refers to

A

caudate + putamen

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3
Q

Lenticular nucleus refers to

A

putamen + globus pallidus

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4
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

anterior area where caudate putamen are continuous centrally; related to limbic system and role in drug and alcohol addictions

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5
Q

Neurons in the striatum use what NTs

A

Ach or GABA

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6
Q

Globus pallidus neurons use what NT

A

GABA (inhibitory)

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7
Q

2 parts of globus pallidus

A

internal segment: projects to VA/VL thalamus (lenticular fasciculus and ansa lenticularis)
external segment: input from striatum and projects to internal segment and subthalamus

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8
Q

2 parts of substantia nigra

A

pars compacta and pars reticulata

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9
Q

Pars compacta of substantia nigra

A

Use dopamine and contain neruomelanin

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10
Q

Pars reticulata of substantia nigra

A

use GABA

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11
Q

Most inputs to basal ganglia are to

A

the striatum

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12
Q

Most outputs from basal ganglia are

A

from the GPi

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13
Q

Corticostriate

A

Cerebral cortex to ipsilateral striatum; excitatory and use glutamate

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14
Q

Within striatum there are 2 cell types

A

spiny neurons and cholinergic interneurons

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15
Q

Cholinergic interneurons

A

modulate local activity, activate neurons ACh-excitatory

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16
Q

Spiny neurons

A

require activation; GABA inhibition

17
Q

Nigrostriatal

A

inputs use DOPAMINE via D1-D5 receptors (excitatory or inhibitory)

18
Q

D1 and D5 when bound to dopamine exerts an

A

excitatory effect DIRECT PATHWAY

19
Q

D2, D3, D4 when bound to dopamine exerts an

A

inhibitory effect INDIRECT PATHWAY

20
Q

Straiatopallidal projections (GPe and GPi)

A

GABA pathways

21
Q

Striatonigral projections

A

GABA pathways

22
Q

Subthalamic projections to GPi and pars reticulata uses

A

Glutamate

23
Q

GPi outputs to

A

ansa lenticularis –> VA –> premotor cortex

lenticular fasciculus –> VL –> primary motor cortex

24
Q

GPi outputs use what NT

A

GABA = inhibitory

25
Q

Direct pathway

A

D1 receptor, excitatory, increases thalamic and cortical activity

26
Q

Indirect pathway

A

D2 receptor, inhibitory, decreases thalamic and cortical activity (through the subthalamic nucleus)

27
Q

Direct pathway

A

Corticostriate (+) –> activates inhibitory spiny neurons Striatopalladal (-) –> Palladothalamic (-) –> Thalamocortical (+) = Activation of LMN

28
Q

Indirect Pathway

A

Corticostriate (+) –> activates inhibitory spiny neurons Striatopalladal (GPe) (-) –> Subthalamic nucleus (-) –> Subthalamic nucleus to GPi (+) –> palladothalamic (GPi) (-) –> thalamocortical are inhibited = Inactivation of LMN

29
Q

Dopamine and the Direct pathway

A

excites the direct pathway (D1) by inhibiting inhibitory cells of the substantia nigra

30
Q

Dopamine and the indirect pathway

A

inhibition in the indirect pathway (D2) by activation of inhibitory cells of the substantia nigra

31
Q

Parkinsonism

A

indirect system dominates due to loss of dopaminergic input to striatum (ACh dominates)

32
Q

ACh excites the Indirect pathway

A

leading to further activation of indirect pathway and decreased movement

33
Q

ACh inhibits the direct pathway

A

leading to further decreased movement

34
Q

Chorea

A

loss of cholinergic neurons, direct system dominates and excessive, unwanted movements occur

35
Q

Basal Ganglia function

A

planning of voluntary movement and influence motor movements without a direct connection to LMN

36
Q

Basal ganglia are connected with the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex

A

memory, behavior changes, drug and alcohol addiction

Neuro (23 decks)

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