N&W 4

Question 1

How widespread is osteoporosis

Answer 1

10 million americans affected 80% are women

half of all women 50 and up will fracture the three most common fracture placees in thier lifetime

Question 2

Why is osteoporosis a growing health care problem in America

Answer 2

aging population /baby boomers

Question 3

What sites are the most common for fractures

Answer 3

wrist
spine
hip

Question 4

why are fractures dangerous

Answer 4

amoung the elderly 25% of hip fracture ppl die within a year

Question 5

Why is osteoporosis seen in women more than men and in whites more than blacks

Answer 5

blacks and men have 30% (men) 10%(blacks) more bone mass than whites and women

Question 6

what are uncontrollable risks for osteoporosis

Answer 6

age
family history
caucasian
menopause

Question 7

What are major dietary risk factors

Answer 7

underweight
low calorie over long period of time
poor vit d
high sodium intake
excessive protien intake
inadequate vit k, soy, flouride,boron, potassium or magnesium

Question 8

What are other risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 8

lack of sufficient exercise
smoking
alcohol

Question 9

How do sodas influence bone health

Answer 9

phosphoric acid in soda requires buffering high levels of phosphate in the diet caused high fecal loss of ca

Question 10

Is milk the answer to brittle bones or increase the risk?

Answer 10

no and no

people who consume calcium and high protien mainly from dairy products have higher incidences of hip fractures

Question 11

whatis the mechanism for why protein and salt have a negative effect on bone density

Answer 11

sulfur containing amino acids

Question 12

what role does protien play in bone health

Answer 12

excess protein is not good for bone health it increases urinary excretion of calcium 10g of protien 10g of calcium lost

Question 13

What is the effect of soy and its isoflavones

Answer 13

improves bone minerals density, promote bone formation

isoflavones like genstien act like estrogen and bind to estrogen receptors in bone tissue

Question 14

What is the status of bone in vegetarians and vegans

Answer 14

vegetarians have less urinary ca excretion and less risk factors
vegans are at a higher risk of fractures

Question 15

What is the role of vitamin d in bone health

Answer 15

required for ca absorbtion and utilization also stregnthens muscles so risk of falls lower 20%

Question 16

what effect is played by boron

Answer 16

postmenopausal women taking 3mg/day excreted about 20% less calcium a day

Question 17

why is the first 5-7 years after menopause the most critical time for a womens skeleton

Answer 17

bone loss 3% a year

after 1% a year

Question 18

Are all calcium supplements safe

Answer 18

no dolomite and oyster have lead

Question 19

what effect does excersize have on bone health

Answer 19

helps slow the rate of bone loss

Question 20

what role does vit k, potassium, and magnesium have in bone health

Answer 20

helps with metabolism of osteocalcium in the bone

potasium and magnesium are alkaline residue which does not dissolve bone

Question 21

how does the body maintain the blood level of calcium in a narrow window

Answer 21

pth, calcitriol raise levels

calcitonin lowers levels

Question 22

How do the calcium supplements compare for content and bioavailability

Answer 22

there is little difference carbonate and citrate are the most available forms

Question 23

Are those calcium supplemetns effective in preventing bone health

Answer 23

yes reduced bone loss in menopausal women who had low calcium intakes who took 500 mg of calcium a day in women with high calcium intake no change was seen

Question 24

Name some good plant sources of calcium

Answer 24

green veggies
beets
beans

Question 25

What characteristics are seen in some of the most happy cities in the world

Answer 25

1/2 the workers bike to work | open space, public gardens, recreational activities

Question 26

What is more important excersize good nutrition

Answer 26

their both important

Question 27

what is price tag for inactivity

Answer 27

affects the function of the brain, heart, blood vessels, gi tract, increased mortality, higher anxiety and depression high risk of cvd and cancer

Question 28

how does excesize assist with brian function

Answer 28

protects effect cognitive decline may restore memory fit ppl have sharper brains better relational memory bigger hippocampus

Question 29

Of what value is strength training and after 50

Answer 29

improves physical and mental health lower risk of diseases joint flexibility and reduces pain after age of 50 you loose 6% of muscle mass w/ a 10-15% loss of strength

Question 30

What are the benefits of regular excersise for cv system

Answer 30

``` lowers resting heart rate higher cardia output improves rythmn lower risk of blood clots lower ldl higher hdl lower bp lower trigylceride ```

Question 31

how does regular excise protect against chronic diseases other than cvd

Answer 31

``` 20-30 day 4-5 times wk cancer diabetes osteoporosis maintain body weight lower all mortality strengthens immune system ```

Question 32

why do people not excersise

Answer 32

lack of time injury lack of knowledge emphasis on high intensity excesise

Question 33

totaal amount of excersise is more important than the the type and intensity

Answer 33

yup

Question 34

is there a different between exercise and physical activty

Answer 34

excercise is planned | physical activity isnt

Question 35

What is the recommendation of the american college of sports medicince blah blah

Answer 35

30 min of moderate intensity physical activity on most to everyday of the week

Question 36

what activity is a very popular choice for many people

Answer 36

walking because it requires no special clothing or equipment

Question 37

why has the first lady launched lets move what has changed amoung the life todays children

Answer 37

kids are bused to school eating more junk food snd excercising less sodas instead of water

Question 38

why is hydration so important during riqorous excercise

Answer 38

body temp raises water less which can lead yo heat exhaustion

Question 39

why is it important to do your physical activity program with a friend, spouse, or family member

Answer 39

accountability | better chance of keeping to it

Question 40

How common is alcohol use on college campus

Answer 40

shitloads

Question 41

in studies on sda what factors are commonly associated with alcohol use

Answer 41

skd

Question 42

what is the alcohol content common alchol drinks

Answer 42

12 oz glass of beer,4-5oz of wine, 3oz of sherry, 1.5 oz shot, 14 g of alchohol

Question 43

how widespread is the use and abuse of alcohol in the usa

Answer 43

avg american consumes about 2 gal a year | 14 million ppl abuse alcohol

Question 44

what societal problems result from alcohol uses and excesses

Answer 44

``` work accidents date rapes car accidents family violence increased cancer aggressive behavior ```

Question 45

is alcohol a stimulant or depressant

Answer 45

depressant

Question 46

how widespread are alcohol drug interactions

Answer 46

over 100 medication adversely react with alcohol

Question 47

how significant is the protective effect of alcohol on heart disease

Answer 47

men who drink no more than 2 drinks a day 20 -40% lower risk of heart disease

Question 48

what is the french paradox

Answer 48

french have the lowest rates of heart disease middle age french men have half the rates of heart disease even thought their saturated fat is high prob becuase they eat less red meat and more fruit and veggies

Question 49

What 2 mechanisms exist to explain the cardioprotective of wine

Answer 49

inhibits blood clot | raises hdl

Question 50

how can these 2 effects be achieved by alternate means

Answer 50

dealcoholized, red grape juice wine does the same | excercise

Question 51

what effect does alcohol have upon blood pressure and stroke

Answer 51

both risks raise | 3-4 drinks a day raise risk by 50% risk for hypertension

Question 52

What cancers are associated with alcohol have upon blood pressure and stroke

Answer 52

mouth,throat, esophagus,stomach,colon,rectum,breast

Question 53

why is it not smart to smoke and drink together

Answer 53

synergistic badness | risk of all those cancers

Question 54

how much alcohol is needed to raise the risk of breast cancer in women

Answer 54

2g/day = 20% higher risk

Question 55

how safe is it for moms to drink during pregnancy or breastfeeding

Answer 55

causes low birth weight and mental retardation and fas

Question 56

How does alcohol affect brain function

Answer 56

.04 % blood level impairs judgement, concentration

Question 57

what other bad shit does alcohol do

Answer 57

raises trigylcerides lowers immune system raises risk of obesity and raises risk of osteoporosis

Question 58

why are caffeinated beverages so popular

Answer 58

ppl use it to fight off sleep

Question 59

what plantd have caffine

Answer 59

``` kola nuts guarana mate coffee cocoa beans tea ```

Question 60

What are the relatives of caffeine and where are they found

Answer 60

theophylline, theobromine

Question 61

how do caffeine levels of tea compare with coffee in their various forms

Answer 61

coffee has more caffeine 5 oz of coffee has 130 tea has 45

Question 62

why is the caffeine level of sodas of power drinks

Answer 62

they are lower than coffee but still high

Question 63

How slowly is caffeine metabolized by certain groups

Answer 63

2-6 hr for adults 20 hrs for late term preg 3-4 days for a newborn

Question 64

how does caffine affect sleep

Answer 64

it stimulates the nervous system and can cause sleeplessnes

Question 65

how does caffeine affect the brain

Answer 65

interferes with adenosine wich helps prepare the body for sleep more alert bigger imagination stimulates cns headaches

Question 66

how does caffeine affect blood chemistry

Answer 66

elevates blood glucose and free fatty acids | blocks enzyme

Question 67

what effect does coffee and similar beverages have upon the cvd system

Answer 67

irregular hearbeat raise bp stimulates heart muscle increased risk for cardiac arrest

Question 68

How does caffine affect the digestive system

Answer 68

stimulates acid production,aggrevates stomach ulcer,relaxes les which acid reflux

Question 69

does caffeine have any possible risk for the fetus

Answer 69

decreased birth weight, still births,head circumference

Question 70

Are ther e any possible benefits of coffee

Answer 70

coffee may help with type 2 diabetes

Question 71

how does caffenism maifest itself

Answer 71

``` irritabilty insomnia tremors restlesness jjitteriness ```

Question 72

Does caffeine increase the risk of cancer

Answer 72

increased risk bladder cancer | is a carcinogen

Question 73

What are the caffiene levels of different forms of chocolate

Answer 73

the more processed/diluted the less caffienemilk has 6 dark has 15

Question 74

Is carob a dafe and useful alternative

Answer 74

yes it has no caffiene and rich in soluable fiber

Question 75

is caffeine additive

Answer 75

yes its psychoactivebecuase it stimulates the cns and alters moods

Question 76

why is caffeine a gateway drug

Answer 76

cuz it creates dependency