Comm Nut 2

Question 1

What is Policy

Answer 1

course of action chosen by public authoriteis to adress a given problem

Question 2

process of policy making

Answer 2

1 problem definition and agenda setting

2. formulation of alternatives
3. policy adoption
4. policy implemention
5. policy evaluation
6. policy termination

Question 3

who makes polices

Answer 3

an organizations or committee’s executives, administratios
elected officials
employees of municipal,state or federal agencies
members of congress and state legislators
street level bureaucrats

Question 4

the steps of how an idea becomes a law

Answer 4

concerned thing brings issure to the attention of a legislative representative at the local, state, or national level
a bill is written and submitted to the clerk where it is numbered and printed. it must be sponsired by at least one legislative member
bill referred to committee and subcommittee the greatest challenge is getting out with a favorable vote
if the bill passes it goes to the other body of legislature or congress for the same actions
finished versions of th ebill will probably differ between bodies so a conference committee will meet to resolve differences
modified bill that is agreed upon is sent to the president for action

Question 5

The difference between a bill going to the senate vs. the house

Answer 5

action by full chamber goes to conference committee to final floor action to presidential action
in the house it goes from rules committee to full chamber first

Question 6

When are times for opportunities for input into the legislative process?

Answer 6

idk

Question 7

What is the vote needed to override the president?

Answer 7

2/3 vote

Question 8

Budget terms

Answer 8

mandatory spending - entitlements
discretionary spending - choices made in defense
budget authorization - establishes programs
budget appropriation - provides money for programs

Question 9

Emerging issues

Answer 9

state licensure laws
bioterrorism and food safety
biotechnology

Question 10

Our influence on policies

Answer 10

make opinion known
become directly involved
join interest group

Question 11

Pyramid of people

Answer 11

power players
party people
willing workers
banner acrriers/critics
fence sitters

Question 12

What is a national nutrition policy?

Answer 12

nationwide guidelines which specify meeting nutritional needs of people

Question 13

What does it address?

Answer 13

addressess - hunger, malnutrition, food safety, food labeling, food fortification, sustainable agricultural pracitces , nutrition research

Question 14

Does the US have one?

Answer 14

no - no single federal agency has mandate to handle national nutrition policy as sole function
yes - responsibility is divided amoung congressional committees, federal agencies, and major departments

Question 15

Element of a nutrition policy

Answer 15

food assistance programs
national nutrition and health objectives
regulations to safeguard food supply and ensure safe handling food
dietary guidance systems
monitoring and surveillance programs
food labeling legislstionq

Question 16

NNMRRP

Answer 16

national nutrition monitoring and related research program
established by congress in 1990
implementation and coordination of activites by usda and dhhs
monitoring data are used to assess the dietary, nutritional related health status of the population
more than 50 surveillance systems are operative

Question 17

NHANES

Answer 17

nutritional status and nutrition relsted health measurements
representative sample of civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 2 months and older
dietary intake
body composition
biochemical analyses of blood urine

Question 18

What we eat in America Survey

Answer 18

dietary interview component of nhanes
individual in households, one sample with all levels of income another of low income households
one day and 3 day food intakes of individuals
terms of eating occasions
sources of food eaten away from home

Question 19

Total diet study

Answer 19

eight age groups infant through elderly

assesses for nutrients and contaminants in foods

Question 20

BRFSS

Answer 20

behavioral risk factor surveillance system - telephone survey of adults 18 y.o
demographic information
height, weight
smoking, alcohol use
weight control practices
diabetes
preventable health problems

Question 21

National Nutrient Data Bank

Answer 21

updated on a regular basis
nutrient content of foods
published tables of food composition
computerized databases

Question 22

DRIs (RDA, AI, UL, & EAR)

Answer 22

dri - developed to be used in planning and assessing the diets of individuals and groups

Question 23

Dietary guidelines

Answer 23

dietary guidelines for americans
developed to promote health and reduce chronic disease risks
national cancer institute
national heart,lung and blood institute

Question 24

Nongovernment vs. government recommendations/guidelines

Answer 24

national cancer institiute, national ling, heart and blood institute
nongovernmental dietary - american heart association
american cancer society

Question 25

Implementation of recommendations

Answer 25

translate recommendations into food-specific guides consumers program directors can use policy told for implementing programs policy making continues to chage - need to address food insecurity, malnutrition, hunger

Question 26

Reasons for obesity epidemic

Answer 26

increased calorie intake due to food technology and transportation increased portion sizes increased meals away from home

Question 27

Trend over the past 20 years

Answer 27

more fatness

Question 28

Defining overweight vs. obesity

Answer 28

fat and more fat

Question 29

Classification by BMI

Answer 29

40

Question 30

Waist circumference measurements

Answer 30

35 women

Question 31

Central obesity

Answer 31

more associated with health problems

Question 32

Classification of children for overweight and obesity

Answer 32

for kids - above 95% obesity , above 85%

Question 33

Where information is collected from

Answer 33

national surveys

Question 34

Medical and social costs (problems that cause these costs)

Answer 34

medical expenditure attributable to obesity continue to increase social costs - worse quality of life, prejudice,discrimination, lower self esteem and depression in children

Question 35

Determinants of obesity

Answer 35

``` predisposition depression high fat and carb diet physical activity dietary intake portion ```

Question 36

Prevention vs. treatment

Answer 36

prevention - goal to maintain stable weight and not increase | treatment -goal to lose weight over time

Question 37

Interventions for all populations

Answer 37

public health interventions - focus on lifestyle approaches

Question 38

Surveillance and Monitoring efforts

Answer 38

healthy people 2012 american academy of pediatrics and institute of medicine nhanes, brfss,ybrfss,

Question 39

Agencies involved in education & awareness building

Answer 39

federal trade commission | department of transportation

Question 40

How we can regulate environmental factors

Answer 40

the food enviroment - mandatory food labeling at restaraounts - restrictions on food advertising to young children preschool - regulation of food choices school environment - restricting sale of competitive foods

Question 41

Obesogenic

Answer 41

u kno wtf that means

Question 42

What can we do and how do we go about doing it?

Answer 42

need paradigm shift that recognizes toxic environments build understnading of problem put into effect policies and practices that target individuals develop and promote community awareness capmaigns organixe community coalition

Question 43

Recommendations for preventing childhood obesity

Answer 43

``` national priority industry nutrition labeling advertising and marketing multi media and public relations campaign community programs built environment health care school ```

Question 44

Private insurance plans

Answer 44

Indemnity/Fee-for-service plans – charges for each service rendered • Accounts for only a small percentage of insurance coverage today • Critics – encourages physicians to provide unnecessary services • Proponents – greater flexibility and unrestricted access Group contract insurance – managed care system (HMOs, PPOs, POSs) • Accounts for around 99% of coverage for employees • Groups of physicians share facilities and medical records • Fixed cost to the consumer, usually with monthly premiums and co-payments for medical visits • May or may not provide reimbursement for dietitian’s counseling • Emphasize health promotion

Question 45

Government/public insurance plans

Answer 45

Government/Public Insurance • Medicare – federally run program for persons over age 65, or with renal disease • inpatient care (Part A) • Individual pays portion of the hospital bill • Long-term care –100 days covered annually • Prescription drugs partially covered • Outpatient care is covered by optional insurance program (Part B) • Individual pays portion of the bill Medicaid – joint state and federal program for low-income persons, the aged, blind, and disabled, dependent children of one-parent families • Children’s Health Insurance Plan – for children in families with income above poverty level but too low to afford private health insurance

Question 46

Other types of health plans

Answer 46

``` Workers’ compensation • Department of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) • Public Health Service (including Indian Health Service), public health programs • Department of Defense • Public hospitals ```

Question 47

The uninsured

Answer 47

Uninsured • Working poor and self-employed, early retirees, unemployed

Question 48

Contributions to health care costs

Answer 48

An aging population has caused major shifts in the need for services for the elderly • Consumer awareness of health issues • Increased dependence on pharmaceutical products • Increase in technology has led to increased demand for more health services

Question 49

Efforts in cost containment

Answer 49

move away from traditional fee for service to newer models of managed care companies attempting to manage healthcare of their employees payers are setting reimbursement restrictions and limitations

Question 50

Health care reform

Answer 50

Cost containment • Universal access • Emphasis on prevention • Reduction in administrative costs

Question 51

Cost effectiveness

Answer 51

Care delivered according to detailed guidelines for care (protocols) has been linked with positive outcomes for the patient Protocols that produce positive outcomes should include cost-effectiveness information all practictioners should document the cost effectiveness of thier programs

Question 52

Things on the horizon

Answer 52

ummm

Question 53

Food security vs. food insecurity (categories & definitions of levels)

Answer 53

Food security – access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life Food insecurity – limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways

Question 54

Who is most affected by food insecurity?

Answer 54

``` The poor The working poor The young Low-income women and men Ethnic minorities Older adults Inner-city and rural dwellers Certain southern and western states Farmers The homeless ```

Question 55

Background of food assistance programs

Answer 55

``` 1930s Great Depression – government distribution of food commodities Experimental Food Stamp program 1946 National School Lunch Act WIC established for women and young children Welfare Reform – Welfare to Work ```

Question 56

The need for food assistance programs

Answer 56

a

Question 57

Current food assistant programs (go back through the chart and all we highlighted in it).

Answer 57

Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations – commodity foods and nutrition education • The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) – commodity foods to distributing agencies • food banks, pantries, & soup kitchens • Nutrition Services Incentive Program – commodities to distribution centers for elderly Food Distribution Disaster Assistance – food to relief agencies during emergencies • National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs – assist schools for meals • After School Snack Program and Special Milk Program – in schools Summer Food Service Program for Children – meals offered at sites to low-income children during summer • Child and Adult Care Food Program – reimburses for food served at care centers • Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) – vouchers for food, nutrition education Summer Food Service Program for Children – meals offered at sites to low-income children during summer • Child and Adult Care Food Program – reimburses for food served at care centers • Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) – vouchers for food, nutrition educatio

Question 58

Food resource safety net

Answer 58

``` Food Banks – provide donated food to nonprofit and charitable groups • Feeding America is largest supplier Prepared and perishable food programs – commercial establishments donate uneaten prepared foods Community food security – community gardens, food recovery, gleaning, farm to school initiatives ```

Question 59

What role do we play?

Answer 59

```  Volunteer  Educate those who need assistance about where they can find it  Support local community programs  Research  Follow legislation ```