Myocardial Disease - Myocarditis

Question 1

What is Myocarditis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the myocardium.

Question 2

Aetiology of Myocarditis (6).

Answer 2

1. Viral : Cox-Sackie B, HIV.
2. Bacteria : Diphtheria, Clostridia.
3. Spirochaetes : Lyme disease.
4. Protozoa : Chagas’ disease, Toxoplasmosis.
5. Autoimmune.
6. Drugs : Doxorubicin.

Question 3

Clinical Presentation of Myocarditis (4).

Answer 3

1. Young Patient with an Acute History.
2. Cardiac-Type Chest Pain.
3. Dyspnoea & Fatigue.
4. Arrhythmias & Palpitations.

Question 4

Investigations of Myocarditis (2).

Answer 4

1. Bloods.

2. ECG.

Question 5

Give 3 Bloods Findings in Myocarditis.

Answer 5

Increase in :

1. Inflammatory Markers.
2. Cardiac Enzymes.
3. BNP.

Question 6

Give 3 ECG Findings in Myocarditis.

Answer 6

1. Tachycardia.
2. Arrhythmias.
3. ST/T Wave Changes e.g. ST Elevation, T Wave Inversion.

Question 7

What is the gold standard diagnostic tool in myocarditis?

Answer 7

Endomyocardial biopsy via cardiac catheterisation.

Question 8

Management of Myocarditis.

Answer 8

1. Treatment of Underlying Cause e.g. Antibiotics.

2. Supportive Treatment.

Question 9

Complications of Myocarditis.

Answer 9

1. Heart Failure.
2. Arrhythmia - Sudden Death.
3. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Usually a Late Complication).