Cardiac Valve Defects - Mitral Stenosis

Question 1

What is Mitral Stenosis?

Answer 1

Narrow mitral valve - making it difficult for the left atrium to push blood through to the ventricle.

Question 2

Aetiology of Mitral Stenosis.

Answer 2

1. Rheumatic Heart Disease.

2. Infective Endocarditis.

Question 3

CXR Finding in Mitral Stenosis.

Answer 3

Atrial Enlargement :

1. Splaying of the Carina with Elevation of the Left Main Bronchus.
2. Double Right Heart Border.
3. Cardiomegaly.

Question 4

Nature of Murmur in Mitral Stenosis.

Answer 4

1. Mid/Late-Diastolic.
2. Low-Pitched.
3. Rumbling.
4. Loud S1 (Thick Valve) and Palpate a Tapping Apex & Opening Snap.
5. Low Volume Pulse.

Question 5

Associations of Mitral Stenosis (2).

Answer 5

1. Malar Flush - Back Pressure of Blood in Pulmonary System (CO2 - Vasodilation).
2. Atrial Fibrillation - strain, electrical disruption due to struggle of blood.

Question 6

Features of Severe Mitral Stenosis (2).

Answer 6

1. The length of the murmur increases.

2. The opening snap becomes closer to S2.

Question 7

Management of Mitral Stenosis.

Answer 7

1. AF - Anticoagulation : Warfarin.
2. Asymptomatic - Monitoring with Regular Echocardiograms.
3. Symptomatic - Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy or Mitral Valve Surgery.

Question 8

Complications of Mitral Stenosis (3).

Answer 8

1. AF & VTE.
2. Pulmonary HTN.
3. Dilated Left Atrium.