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CVS (Cardiology) > Arrhythmias - AV Node (Heart) Blocks > Flashcards

Arrhythmias - AV Node (Heart) Blocks Flashcards

1
Q

What is 1st Degree Heart Block?

A

Delayed conduction through the AV node.

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2
Q

ECG Representation of 1st Degree Heart Block (2).

A
  1. PR Interval is greater than 0.2 seconds.
  2. Each P Wave is still followed by a QRS complex.
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3
Q

Causes of 1st Degree or Mobitz Type I Heart Block (4).

A
  1. High Vagal Tone e.g. Athletes.
  2. Acute Inferior MI.
  3. Electrolyte Abnormalities e.g. Hyperkalaemia.
  4. Drugs e.g. DHP CCBs, B-Blockers, Digoxin, Cholinesterase Inhibitors.
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4
Q

What is Second Degree Heart Block?

A

Some of the atrial impulses do not make it through the AV node to the ventricles.

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5
Q

What are the 2 main types of Second Degree Heart Block?

A
  1. Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach’s Phenomenon).
  2. Mobitz Type II.
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6
Q

What is Mobitz Type I Heart Block?

A

The atrial impulses become gradually weaker until it does not pass through the AV node; after failing, the atrial impulse returns to being strong.

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7
Q

ECG Representation of Mobitz Type I Heart Block (2).

A
  1. Increasingly larger PR interval until P wave no longer is followed by a QRS complex.
  2. Cyclical.
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8
Q

What is Mobitz Type II Heart Block?

A

Intermittent failure or interruption of AV conduction.

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9
Q

ECG Representation of Mobitz Type II Heart Block.

A
  1. Set Ratio of P Waves to QRS Complexes.
  2. PR Interval is normal.
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10
Q

What is the main risk associated with Mobitz Type II?

A

ASYSTOLE.

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11
Q

What is Third Degree Heart Block?

A

Complete Heart Block.

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12
Q

ECG Representation of Third Degree Heart Block.

A

No observable relationship between P waves and QRS complexes.

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13
Q

What is the main risk associated with Third Degree Heart Block?

A

ASYSTOLE.

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14
Q

Clinical Presentation of Third Degree Heart Block (6).

A
  1. Syncope.
  2. Heart Failure.
  3. Regular Bradycardia.
  4. Wide Pulse Pressure.
  5. JVP Cannon Waves in Neck.
  6. Variable Intensity of S1.
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15
Q

Management of Stable Heart Block.

A

Conservative.

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16
Q

Management of Unstable/Asystole Risk Heart Block (4).

A
  1. 1st Line - Atropine (Anti-Muscarinic) 500mcg IV.
  2. Repeat up to a total of 6 doses (3mg).
  3. Other Inotropes e.g. Noradrenaline.
  4. Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing using a Defibrillator.
17
Q

Management of High-Risk Asystole Patients (2).

A
  1. Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing.
  2. Permanent Implantable Pacemaker.
18
Q

What is Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing?

A

An electrode on the end of a wire is inserted into a vein and fed through the venous system to directly stimulate the right atrium or ventricle.

19
Q

How does Atropine work?

A

It is an anti-muscarinic that blocks vagus nerve activity on the heart, which increases the firing rate of the SA node.

CVS (Cardiology) (37 decks)

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