Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PRIS > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A
  • organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does heterotrophic mean?

A
  • means they are consumers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can fungi be?

A
  • eukaryotic
  • heterotrophic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fungi can be saprophytes - what does this mean?

A
  • they live off dead or decaying matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fungi can be symbionts - what does this mean?

A
  • they can live in symbiosis with another living thing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fungi can be pathogens - what does this mean?

A
  • an agent or organism that can produce disease
  • an infectious agent - a germ!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two components of fungi?

A
  • fruiting body
  • mycelium - is a network of branched, tubular filaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different forms of fungi?

A
  • yeasts - single celled fungi
  • filamentous = long strands
  • dimorphic = yeasts or moulds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe bacteria:

A
  • producers and decomposers
  • cell wall made of peptidoglycan
  • no nucleus
  • neutral pH
  • round, spiral or rod shaped
  • asexual reproduction
  • energy from sugars and proteins
  • unicellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe fungi:

A
  • decomposers
  • cell wall made of chitin
  • has a nucleus
  • slightly acidic soil
  • thread like structures - various shapes
  • sexual or asexual reproduction
  • energy from dead matter
  • multicellular (apart from yeast)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do fungi cause disease?

A
  • fungal disease include both the invasion of tissues by fungi and the effects on organs of fungal poisons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three different ways fungi can cause disease?

A
  • mycoses = invasion of tissue
  • mycotoxicosis = ingestion of toxins
  • fungal allergy = hypersensitivity to fungal antigens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mycoses can be endogenous or exogenous - what do these terms mean?

A
  • Endogenous = natural commensals may become opportunistic pathogens
  • Exogenous = soil, decaying plant material, water or other animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mycoses can have different sites of infection what are these and give examples?

A
  • superficial = dermatomycosis
  • subcutaneous = sporotrichosis
  • Systemic = cryptococcosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is yeast - Malasezzia pachydermatis and what can it cause?

A
  • commensal
  • mild skin disease (superficial)
  • allergies
  • budding on a broad base
  • implicated in otitis externa in dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is aspergillosis?

A
  • inhalation of fungal spores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What colour do fungi stain in a PAS stain?

A
  • pink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What colour do fungi stain in an H&E stain?

A
  • purple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can sometimes be seen in an H&E stain of fungi?

A
  • necrosis, granulomas containing yeast like bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is yeast Candida albicans?

A
  • commensal of nasopharynx, GIT and external genitalia
  • opportunistic
  • budding on a narrow base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is yeast – Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • encapsulated yeast
  • infection from environment
  • found in bird droppings
  • primary pulmonary infection (respiratory) may spread to CNS
  • sporadic
  • spherical cells, budding on a narrow base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is filamentous fungi -Saprolegniasis?

A
  • freshwater fish
  • usually secondary infection
  • cold water
  • cotton wool like appearance on skin and gills
23
Q

What is filamentous fungi - Mucormycosis?

A
  • damages the rumen wall if grain fed it increased acid and there is a reduction in pH = ruminal acidosis
  • leads to fungal invasion and progresses to granulomatous rumenitis
  • also found in calves given antibiotics due to distribution in normal flora
  • can be spread via the portal vein to liver
24
Q

Filamentous fungi - Mucormycosis can be either … or …?

A
  • bread mould
  • sporangiospores
25
Q

What does filamentous fungi cause?

A
  • mycotic abortion
  • guttural pouch mycosis
  • avian aspergillosis
  • pulmonary aspergillosis
  • canine nasal aspergillosis
26
Q

What structural feature does FF aspergillosis have?

A
  • sporing heads
  • separate mycelium
27
Q

What is Filamentous fungi dermatophytes?

A
  • the fungi that cause ringworm - dermatomycosis
  • affects skin in most species
  • 3 genera
28
Q

What the 3 types if dermatophytes?

A
  1. Microsporum sp
  2. Trichophyton sp
  3. Epidermophyton sp
29
Q

What two types types if fungi are associated with dermatophytes?

A
  • Keratinophilic fungi = breakdown hair and colonise keratinous substrates degrading them into components of low molecular weight
  • Contagious fungi
30
Q

What are the dermatomycosis - epidemiological groups?

A
  • anthropophilic
  • zoophilic
  • geophilic
31
Q

What hosts do Anthropophilic prefer?

A
  • preferring human hosts over other animal
32
Q

What hosts preferences do zoophilic have?

A
  • preference to animal host
    = all zoonotic
33
Q

What host preference do geophilic have?

A
  • preferring soil host
34
Q

What is Dermatomycosis clinical appearance?

A
  • crusty grey lesions on the head and neck
  • seen in calves, dogs, horses, cats, poultry
35
Q

How do a wet preparation for microscopy?

A
  • scrape or smear and add (KOH) potassium hydroxide or paraffin oil
36
Q

What two mediums can be used for cultures?

A
  • sabouraud’s medium
  • malt extract agar
37
Q

How long do you leave filamentous to culture for and at what temperature?

A
  • 27 degrees Celsius
  • for 7-10 days
38
Q

How long do you leave yeasts to culture for and at what temperature?

A
  • 37 degrees Celsius
  • for 24-36hrs
39
Q

What pH do you culture at?

A
  • low pH
40
Q

What antibiotics do we use on cultures?

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • cycloheximide
41
Q

What is serology used for?

A
  • detecting the antibody in animal serum from a clotted blood sample
42
Q

What tests can be used in serology?

A
  • ELISA
  • CFT
  • Immunoprecipitation
43
Q

What is CFT used for?

A
  • CFT complement fixation test. – Used for histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis and coocidioidomycosis.
  • Antibodies are present in the serum, when mixed with the corresponding antigens, they will bind. Then use an assay system
  • if antibody is present there will be no fungi as its all bound
  • if antibody in blood not present there will be fungi
44
Q

How can be diagnose dermatomycosis?

A
  • history and clinical signs
  • use woods lamp
  • microscopy
  • culture
  • sample - pluck hair or scrap
45
Q

How does a dermatomycosis woods lamp work?

A
  • uses long wave UV light which reflects of skin
  • if present there will be an apple green fluorescence on hair and skin
46
Q

How do you culture dermatomycosis?

A
  • sabourauds agar
  • use antibiotics to prevent bacteria invasion
  • different strains look different
  • usually at 27’C
47
Q

What does PAS strand for?

A
  • periodic acid-schiff stain
48
Q

How does dermatomycosis stain?

A
  • PAS stain on fixed tissue
  • fungi will stain purple/red
49
Q

What animals does Dermatomycosis affect?

A
  • dogs
  • cats
  • and others
50
Q

What is the Dermatomycosis infection associated with?

A
  • young animals
  • grooming equipment
  • minor trauma
  • mixing with other animals
  • mixing with wild animals
51
Q

How can Dermatomycosis be controlled?

A
  • disinfectants
  • shampoos
  • avoid mixing
52
Q

How can Dermatomycosis be treated?

A
  • Griseofulvin - oral
  • Azole antifungals - oral or topical
53
Q

How does ringworm develop and spread (pathogenesis)?

A
  • Arthrospores germinate
  • Infective hyphae grow into the skin and down the hair follicle
  • Hyphae grow downwards & penetrate within hair shaft
  • Arthrospores form around the now brittle hair shaft as the hyphae age
  • The hair breaks and falls away – infecting the environment
  • Hyphae will not penetrate living tissue
54
Q

In Dermatomycosis what may a secondary bacterial infection cause?

A
  • may cause permanent damage to the follicle and dermis

PRIS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions