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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Single celled forms generally reproduce by ___ while hyphae reproduce by ___

A

Budding, spores

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2
Q

Fungi grow especially well on ___ which is selective for fungi because of its ___. Further selectivity can be ensured by addition of ___.

A

Sabouraud’s medium, low pH, antibiotics

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3
Q

Examples of subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Yeast (Malassezia furfur), Sporotrichosis

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4
Q

Examples of cutaneous mycoses?

A

Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Penicillin marneffei, Pneumocystis

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5
Q

Dermatophytes cause infections of ___ due to their ability to obtain nutrients from ___. Usually restricted to ___ due to inability to penetrate the viable tissue in an immunocompetent host. Occasionally, invasion into subcutaneous tissues results in ___ development.

A

Skin, hair and nails
Keratinised material
Non-living cornified layer
Kerion

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6
Q

Trichophyton
T. mentagraphytes var granulare causes _____
T. mentagraphytes var interdigitale causes _____
T. rubrum causes _____

A

Skin and hair infections
Skin infections of groin and foot (Hong Kong foot) (Spreads via wet surfaces and direct contact)
Skin and nail infections

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7
Q

Most common fungal infection in SG?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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8
Q

Microsporum canis causes ___. Acquired from ___.

A

Scalp and hair infection
Dogs and cats (Cats more common in SG)

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9
Q

Epidermophyton floccusum causes _____ and is spread by ___.

A

Groin and foot infections, human transmission

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10
Q

Malassezia furfur has a _____ appearance and requires ___ for growth.

A

Spaghetti and meatball appearance, oil

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11
Q

Clinical presentation of Malassezia furfur?

A

Tinea versicolor, folliculitis, dermatitis, peritonitis and septicaemia (in newborns), dandruff

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12
Q

Yeast identification: Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Candida -> Germ tube positive
Cryptococcus neoformans -> Capsulated

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13
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by ___ and is found in ___.

A

Sporothrix schenkii, soil and wood.

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14
Q

Clinical presentation of Sporotrichosis?

A

Causes local nodules/ulcers
Primary infection of the lungs which can disseminated to bones, joints and meninges

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15
Q

How is Candida distinguished under microscopy?

A

Pseudohyphae

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16
Q

When do Candida infections occur?

A

Immunocompromised individuals (eg. Broad spectrum antibiotics in use, catheter use, hyperalimentation, IV, immunosuppressed)

17
Q

Clinical presentation of Candida albicans?

A

Oral candida with thrush
UTIs with a thrush with possible retrograde spread to kidney
Lung and GIT infections
Hematogenous or lymphatic spread

18
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is found in ___ individuals while Cryptococcus gattii is found in ___ individuals.

A

Immunocompromised, healthy

19
Q

Clinical presentation of Cryptococcus?

A

CNS: Meningitis/ cryptococcoma
Lung: Pneumonia
Others: Sequestered in the prostate

20
Q

Clinical presentations of Aspergillus?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: Hypersensitivity reaction leading to asthma like symptoms
Invasive aspergillosis: Begins in lung and systemic spreads to other parts of the body

21
Q

Where is Aspergillus found and how is it spread?

A

Hay, grain, soil
Airbone spores

22
Q

Predisposing conditions for Aspergillus?

A

Immunosuppression, construction activities, diseased lungs

23
Q

Where is Penicillin marneffei found?

A

Bamboo rats

24
Q

How does Penicillin marneffei look like on culture?

A

Safety pin shaped yeast giving a bright red colour

25
Q

Clinical presentation of Penicillin marneffei?

A

Skin lesions especially on AIDS patients. Causes papules and abscesses in disseminated infection.

26
Q

Clinical presentations of Pneumocystis?

A

Pneumocystic pneumonia especially in AIDS patients

27
Q

What is the first complication of AIDS?

A

Pneumocystic pneumonia

28
Q

Does Pneumocystis respond to anti-fungals?

A

No, treat with Cotrimoxazole

29
Q

Species of Pneumocystis?

A

Pneumocystis carinii
Pneumocystis jirovecii

Microbiology (9 decks)

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