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MicroB by Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens associated with skin?

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis
  2. Staphylococcus aureus
  3. Streptococci
  4. Corynebacterium (diphtheroids)
  5. Acinetobacter
  6. Yeasts eg. Candida
  7. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (esp in moist warm areas)
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2
Q

Pathogens associated with nose?

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
  3. Corynebacterium (diphtheroids)
  4. Streptococci
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3
Q

Pathogens associated with throat?

A
  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Neisseria (meningitidis/gonorrhoea)
  4. Haemophilus influenzae
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4
Q

Pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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5
Q

Pathogens associated with mouth?

A
  1. Streptococcus viridans
  2. Candida
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6
Q

Pathogens associated with teeth?

A
  1. Streptococcus mutans
  2. Anaerobes
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7
Q

Pathogens associated with stomach?

A
  1. Helicobacter pylori
  2. Lactobacilli (probiotic)
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8
Q

Superficial Ulcers:
Treponema pallidum (syphilis) causes ___ at the ___, _____ on the ___

A

Chancre, genitalia
Condylomata lata, extremities

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9
Q

Superficial Ulcers:
Haemophilus ducreyi causes ___ at the ___

A

Chancroid, genitalia

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10
Q

Superficial Ulcers:
Bacillus anthracis causes ___ in _____

A

Eschars, cutaneous anthrax

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11
Q

Superficial Ulcers:
Nocardia causes ___

A

Madura’s foot

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12
Q

Superficial Ulcers:
Herpes virus causes ___ on the ___ and ___

A

Lesions, lips, genitalia

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13
Q

Impetigo is caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

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14
Q

Necrotising fasciitis is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

Erysipelas is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

Cellulitis is caused by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

Folliculitis is caused by

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Pseudomonas -> Hot-tub folliculitis
  3. Candida albicans
  4. Propionibacterium acnes (causes acne vulgaris)
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18
Q

Dirty wounds are normally contaminated by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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19
Q

Clean wounds are normally contaminated by

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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20
Q

Traumatic wounds are caused by

A
  1. Clostridium perfringes/ Clostridium tetani
  2. Enterobactericeae (gun-shot wounds)
  3. Pseudomonas (burns)
  4. Pasteurella multicoda (animal bites)
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21
Q

Maculopapular rashes are caused by

A

Rubella, Parvovirus B19, Measles, Enterovirus, Adenovirus, HSV6 and HSV7

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22
Q

Vesicular rashes are caused by

A

HSV, VZV, Enteroviruses, Pox viruses

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23
Q

Wart-like rashes are caused by

A

Molluscum contangiosum, HPV

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24
Q

Haemorrhagic rashes are caused by

A

Dengue, Lassa fever, Ebola

25
Q

Organisms that cause scalp infections

A
  1. Microsporum canis
  2. Trichophyton schoenleinii
26
Q

Organisms that cause groin and foot infections

A
  1. T. Interdigitale
  2. Epidermophyton floccosum
27
Q

Organisms that cause nail infections

28
Q

Causes of septic arthritis

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Streptococcus agalactiae
29
Q

Causes of acute osteomyelitis in neonates

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Gram Negative rods - Coliforms and Pseudomonas
30
Q

Causes of acute osteomyelitis in older patients

A
  1. S. auereus
  2. S. pneumoniae
  3. Kingella kingae
  4. Salmonella
31
Q

Viral causes of eye infections

A
  1. Adenovirus - Acute follicular conjunctivitis
  2. HSV - Keratoconjunctivitis, when dendritic corneal ulcers are present
  3. VZV - When lesions are present in the face
32
Q

Bacterial causes of eye infections

A
  1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (contact lens)
  2. H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae
  3. C. trachomatis
33
Q

Parasitic causes of eye infections

A

Acatheamoba and Microsporidia

34
Q

Most common cause of pharyngitis

35
Q

Bacterial causes of pharyngitis (similar to otitis media and sinusitis)

A
  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis (More for sinusitis and otitis media)
36
Q

Bacterial causes of epiglottitis

A
  1. Haemophilius influenzae
  2. Corynebacterium diphtheria
37
Q

Why do we not do throat swabs for epiglottitis?

A

It can trigger laryngeal spasms
Do blood cultures instead

38
Q

Common causes of hospital acquired pneumonia

A
  1. P. aeruginosa
  2. Klebsiella
  3. A. baumanni
  4. S. auereus
  5. S. pneumoniae
39
Q

Bacterial causes of gastroenteritis

A
  1. E. Coli
  2. V. cholera
  3. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus
  4. B. cereus
40
Q

Protozoal causes of gastroenteritis

A
  1. Entamoebae histolytica
  2. Cryptosporidosis
  3. Giardia
41
Q

Viral causes of gastroenteritis

A
  1. Rotavirus
  2. Norovirus
42
Q

Community acquired causes of UTIs

A
  1. E. Coli
  2. S. saprophyticus (especially in young sexually active women)
  3. Coliforms
  4. Schistoma haematobium
43
Q

Nosocomial causes of UTIs

A
  1. E. Coli
  2. Candida (immunosuppression)
  3. Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella
  4. S. epidermidis (catheters)
44
Q

Common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

A

Take special note of Syphilis, Neisseria and Chlamydia

  1. HPV
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Candida
  4. Trichomonas vaginalis
  5. Herpes Simplex Virus
  6. N. gonorrhoea
  7. HIV
  8. T. palladum
  9. Hepatitis B and C
  10. H. ducreyi
45
Q

Genital warts could be caused by ___ and ___

A

HPV, syphilis (condylomata lata)

46
Q

Vaginal discharge that is thick and white with pH lower than 4.5 indicates

47
Q

Vaginal discharge that is purulent with pH greater than 5 indicates

A

N. gonorrhoea

48
Q

Vaginal discharge that is profuse, frothy, grey-yellowish green indicates

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

49
Q

Vaginal discharge that is watery and grey, bubbly with foul fishy odour

A

Bacterial vaginosis

50
Q

___ causes small painless chancres
___ causes small painless ulcers
___ causes painless granuloma inguinale
___ causes chancroids
_____ forms vesicles that coalesce

A

Syphilis
Chlamydia
Klebsiella
H. ducreyi
Genital herpes

51
Q

Congenital infections that are prenatal via transplacental spread

A

TORCHES

TO xoplasmosis
R ubella
C ytomegalovirus
HE rpes simplex
S yphilis

52
Q

Foetal immunity is dependent on passive immunity from mother. Transplacental has ___ antibodies while breastfeeding has ___ antibodies.

53
Q

Perinatal infections via ascending infection

A
  1. S. agalactiae -> meningitis and pneumonia
  2. E. Coli -> meningitis
  3. N. gonorrhoea -> ophthalmia neonatorum
  4. C. trachomatis
54
Q

Common causes of neonatal meningitis

A
  1. Group B Streptococcus (agalactiae)
  2. E. Coli
  3. Listeria monocytogenes

Treatment: Penicillin and gentamicin/ceftriaxone

55
Q

Common causes of child aged 3 years meningitis

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Haemophilus influenzae

Treatment: Ceftriaxone and vancomycin

56
Q

Common causes of young adult meningitis

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis

Treatment: Ceftriaxone and vancomyxcin

57
Q

Common causes of older adult meningitis

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Listeria monocytogenes

Treatment: Ceftriaxone and vancomycin and ampicillin
*Consider TB too

58
Q

Top 3 causes of UTIs in males

A

E. Coli, Proteus, Klebsiella

59
Q

Top 2 causes of UTIs in females

A

E. Coli, Staph. saprophyticus

Microbiology (9 decks)

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