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Microbiology > Gram Positive Cocci - Strep/Entero/Staph > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci - Strep/Entero/Staph Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Streptococci Pneumoniae is Catalase ____, ___ Haemolytic, Optochin ___

A

Negative, Alpha, Sensitive

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2
Q

Streptococci Viridans is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Optochin ___

A

Negative, Alpha, Insensitive

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3
Q

Streptococci pyogenes is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, A

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4
Q

Streptococci agalactiae is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, B

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5
Q

Streptocci bovis and Enterococci are Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, D

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus are Catalase ___, Coagulase ___

A

Positive, Positive

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7
Q

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus are Catalase ___, Coagulase ___

A

Positive, Negative

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8
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep. pneumoniae?

A
  1. URTIs: Sinusitis, conjunctivitis, otitis media
  2. Meningitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Endocarditis (subacute)
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9
Q

What are the predisposed risk factors for Strep. pneumoniae?

A

Young, old, immunocompromised, overcrowding, hyposplenic

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10
Q

Character of Strep. pneumoniae? How does it look like and what are its virulence factors?

A
  1. Draughtsman colonies -> Raised edges and depressed centres
  2. Virulence factors: Capsule (evades phagocytosis) and pneumolysin (damages cell membrane)
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11
Q

Treatment for pharyngitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

Coamoxiclav (augmentin)

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12
Q

Treatment for meningitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

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13
Q

Prevention of Strep pneumoniae?

A

Conjugate vaccine PCV 7/10/13 (IgG) (With capsule material of tetanus toxoid to induce better response in children)

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14
Q

Examples of Strep Viridans?

A

S. oralis, S. mitis, S. mutans

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep Viridans?

A
  1. Dental caries
  2. Endocarditis (subacute)
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16
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial Endocarditis?

A

Streptococcus Viridans

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17
Q

Treatment of Strep Viridans?

A

Prophylactic antibodies (Penicillin or cotrimoxazole)

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Pharyngitis / Tonsilitis
  2. Scarlet fever (SPE A/C)
  3. Septicaemia (SPE A)
  4. Post-influenza pneumonia
  5. Soft tissue infections -> Impetigo, Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Necrotising fasciitis
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19
Q

Complications of Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Acute Rheumatic Fever (JONES)
  2. Rheumatic Heart Disease (predisposes to endocarditis, affects mitral valve)
  3. Acute Glomerulonephritis (Type III hypersensitivity that affects kidney) Can result in acute renal failure
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20
Q

How is Strep pyogenes diagnosed?

A

Serology - ASO titres, antibodies to hylauronidase or DNAase B

21
Q

How is Strep pyogenes treated?

A

Amoxicillin/ Erythromycin
Clindamycin to reduce toxin production

22
Q

Virulence factors of Strep pyogenes?

A

M Protein, Exotoxins (A/C), Streptolysins, Hyaluronidase

23
Q

Clinical presentations of Strep agalactiae?

A
  1. Meningitis (neonatal)
  2. Pneumonia (neonatal)
  3. Ascending infections (maternal)
24
Q

Treatment of Strep agalactiae?

A

Prophylactic penicillin or gentamicin

25
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep bovis?

A
  1. Endocarditis
  2. Bowel cancer
26
Q

Treatment of Strep bovis?

A

Penicillin

27
Q

Group C Streptococci spreads in ___ and causes ___ and ___

A

Unpasteurised milk, pharyngitis, soft tissue infections

28
Q

Strep. anginosus is nutritionally variant and grows on ___ released by ___, causes ___

A

Waste products, Staphylocci, abscesses

29
Q

How is Strep pneumoniae and Staph aureus spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

30
Q

Clinical presentation of Staph aureus?

A
  1. Food poisoning
  2. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST1)
  3. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
  4. Localised skin infections -> Folliculitis, impetigo, boils, carbuncles, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis
  5. Endocarditis (Acute)
  6. Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis
  7. Waterhouse-Friederichsen Syndrome (damage of adrenal glands due to circulatory failure due to insufficient hormones)
31
Q

Virulence factors of Staph aureus?

A
  1. M Proteins
  2. Staphylotoxin
  3. Enterotoxins
  4. Protein A
  5. Epidermolytic exotoxins
32
Q

Treatment of Staph aureus?

A

Cloxacillin or Erythromycin
Co-amoxiclav (MSSA)
Linezolid or Vancomycin (MRSA)

33
Q

Examples of Coagulase Negative Staphylocci?

A
  1. S. epidermidis
  2. S. lugdunensis
  3. S. saprophyticus
34
Q

Clinical presentation of S. epidermidis?

A

Opportunistic infections of IV lines and prosthetic valves/ joints

35
Q

Clinical presentation of S. lugdunensis?

A

Endocarditis

36
Q

Treatment of Coagulase Negative Staphylocci?

A

Vancomycin

36
Q

Clinical presentation of S. saprophyticus?

A

UTIs

37
Q

What colour does Gram Positive Cocci stain?

A

Blue / Purple

38
Q

Revised Jone Criteria for ARF diagnosis?

A

J oints
<3 Rheumatic Heart Disease
N odules
E rythema Marginatum
S yndenham’s Chorea

39
Q

Clinical presentation of Enterococci?

A
  1. Endocarditis
  2. UTIs
  3. Biliary infections
    *NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
40
Q

Which drug class is Enterococci resistant to?

A

Cephalosporins

41
Q

Impetigo is caused by ___
Erysipelas is caused by ___
Cellulitis is caused by ___
Necrotising fasciitis is caused by ___

A

Impetigo: Strep pyogenes and Staph aureus (Staph more common)
Erysipelas: Strep pyogenes
Cellulitis: Open wound -> Staph, Closed wound -> Strep
Necrotising fasciitis: Strep pyogenes

42
Q

Gram Positive Cocci are catalase ___ and produce ___ when ___ is added

A

Positive, bubbles, H2O2

43
Q

Staph Aureus antiphagocytic capsules?

A

Protein A and Capsule

44
Q

Staph Aureus exotoxins?

A

TSST-1: Toxic shock syndrome
Epidermolytic toxins: Skin manifestations
Enterotoxins: Diarrhoea

45
Q

Most common skin flora

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

46
Q

Is S. saprophyticus part of normal skin flora?

A

Yes

47
Q

Vaccines for Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A

PPSV23 -> Polysaccharide vaccine with 23 serotypes - T-cell independent response
PCV13 -> Conjugate vaccine with 13 serotypes - Elicits immunological memory

Microbiology (9 decks)

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