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Microbiology > Gram Positive Cocci - Strep/Entero/Staph > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci - Strep/Entero/Staph Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococci Pneumoniae is Catalase ____, ___ Haemolytic, Optochin ___

A

Negative, Alpha, Sensitive

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2
Q

Streptococci Viridans is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Optochin ___

A

Negative, Alpha, Insensitive

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3
Q

Streptococci pyogenes is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, A

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4
Q

Streptococci agalactiae is Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, B

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5
Q

Streptocci bovis and Enterococci are Catalase ___, ___ Haemolytic, Group _ Lancefield Antigen

A

Negative, Beta, D

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6
Q

Staphylococcus aureus are Catalase ___, Coagulase ___

A

Positive, Positive

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7
Q

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus are Catalase ___, Coagulase ___

A

Positive, Negative

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8
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep. pneumoniae?

A
  1. URTIs: Sinusitis, conjunctivitis, otitis media
  2. Meningitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Endocarditis (subacute)
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9
Q

What are the predisposed risk factors for Strep. pneumoniae?

A

Young, old, immunocompromised, overcrowding, hyposplenic

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10
Q

Character of Strep. pneumoniae? How does it look like and what are its virulence factors?

A
  1. Draughtsman colonies -> Raised edges and depressed centres
  2. Virulence factors: Capsule (evades phagocytosis) and pneumolysin (damages cell membrane)
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11
Q

Treatment for pharyngitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

Coamoxiclav (augmentin)

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12
Q

Treatment for meningitis caused by Strep pneumoniae?

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

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13
Q

Prevention of Strep pneumoniae?

A

Conjugate vaccine PCV 7/10/13 (IgG) (With capsule material of tetanus toxoid to induce better response in children)

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14
Q

Examples of Strep Viridans?

A

S. oralis, S. mitis, S. mutans

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep Viridans?

A
  1. Dental caries
  2. Endocarditis (subacute)
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16
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial Endocarditis?

A

Streptococcus Viridans

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17
Q

Treatment of Strep Viridans?

A

Prophylactic antibodies (Penicillin or cotrimoxazole)

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Pharyngitis / Tonsilitis
  2. Scarlet fever (SPE A/C)
  3. Septicaemia (SPE A)
  4. Post-influenza pneumonia
  5. Soft tissue infections -> Impetigo, Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Necrotising fasciitis
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19
Q

Complications of Strep pyogenes?

A
  1. Acute Rheumatic Fever (JONES)
  2. Rheumatic Heart Disease (predisposes to endocarditis, affects mitral valve)
  3. Acute Glomerulonephritis (Type III hypersensitivity that affects kidney) Can result in acute renal failure
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20
Q

How is Strep pyogenes diagnosed?

A

Serology - ASO titres, antibodies to hylauronidase or DNAase B

21
Q

How is Strep pyogenes treated?

A

Amoxicillin/ Erythromycin
Clindamycin to reduce toxin production

22
Q

Virulence factors of Strep pyogenes?

A

M Protein, Exotoxins (A/C), Streptolysins, Hyaluronidase

23
Q

Clinical presentations of Strep agalactiae?

A
  1. Meningitis (neonatal)
  2. Pneumonia (neonatal)
  3. Ascending infections (maternal)
24
Q

Treatment of Strep agalactiae?

A

Prophylactic penicillin or gentamicin

25
Clinical presentation of Strep bovis?
1. Endocarditis 2. Bowel cancer
26
Treatment of Strep bovis?
Penicillin
27
Group C Streptococci spreads in ___ and causes ___ and ___
Unpasteurised milk, pharyngitis, soft tissue infections
28
Strep. anginosus is nutritionally variant and grows on ___ released by ___, causes ___
Waste products, Staphylocci, abscesses
29
How is Strep pneumoniae and Staph aureus spread?
Respiratory droplets
30
Clinical presentation of Staph aureus?
1. Food poisoning 2. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST1) 3. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 4. Localised skin infections -> Folliculitis, impetigo, boils, carbuncles, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis 5. Endocarditis (Acute) 6. Osteomyelitis, Septic Arthritis 7. Waterhouse-Friederichsen Syndrome (damage of adrenal glands due to circulatory failure due to insufficient hormones)
31
Virulence factors of Staph aureus?
1. M Proteins 2. Staphylotoxin 3. Enterotoxins 4. Protein A 5. Epidermolytic exotoxins
32
Treatment of Staph aureus?
Cloxacillin or Erythromycin Co-amoxiclav (MSSA) Linezolid or Vancomycin (MRSA)
33
Examples of Coagulase Negative Staphylocci?
1. S. epidermidis 2. S. lugdunensis 3. S. saprophyticus
34
Clinical presentation of S. epidermidis?
Opportunistic infections of IV lines and prosthetic valves/ joints
35
Clinical presentation of S. lugdunensis?
Endocarditis
36
Treatment of Coagulase Negative Staphylocci?
Vancomycin
36
Clinical presentation of S. saprophyticus?
UTIs
37
What colour does Gram Positive Cocci stain?
Blue / Purple
38
Revised Jone Criteria for ARF diagnosis?
J oints <3 Rheumatic Heart Disease N odules E rythema Marginatum S yndenham's Chorea
39
Clinical presentation of Enterococci?
1. Endocarditis 2. UTIs 3. Biliary infections *NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
40
Which drug class is Enterococci resistant to?
Cephalosporins
41
Impetigo is caused by ___ Erysipelas is caused by ___ Cellulitis is caused by ___ Necrotising fasciitis is caused by ___
Impetigo: Strep pyogenes and Staph aureus (Staph more common) Erysipelas: Strep pyogenes Cellulitis: Open wound -> Staph, Closed wound -> Strep Necrotising fasciitis: Strep pyogenes
42
Gram Positive Cocci are catalase ___ and produce ___ when ___ is added
Positive, bubbles, H2O2
43
Staph Aureus antiphagocytic capsules?
Protein A and Capsule
44
Staph Aureus exotoxins?
TSST-1: Toxic shock syndrome Epidermolytic toxins: Skin manifestations Enterotoxins: Diarrhoea
45
Most common skin flora
Staphylococcus epidermidis
46
Is S. saprophyticus part of normal skin flora?
Yes
47
Vaccines for Streptococcus Pneumoniae?
PPSV23 -> Polysaccharide vaccine with 23 serotypes - T-cell independent response PCV13 -> Conjugate vaccine with 13 serotypes - Elicits immunological memory

Microbiology (9 decks)

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