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Microbiology Module 2 '15-'16 > Mycobacteriology Exam > Flashcards

Mycobacteriology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms stain on acid fast?

A

Myvobacterium

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2
Q

What are the advantages of Carofuchsion and fluorescent stains?

A

CF: Stains all Fluor: More sensitive for MTB, easier to see fewer organisms.

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of Carofuchsion and fluorescent stains?

A

CF: Less sensitive Fluor: Poor for rapid

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4
Q

Why do acid fast bacteria stain acid fast?

A

Cell wall rich in lipid which resists decolorization

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5
Q

What is a tuberculous granuloma?

A

Walling off = TB(+), Lymphs produce gamma interferon

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6
Q

Location of lung were types of TB (primary and secondary) are located.

A

Primary: Near middle of lung where air circulates Secondary: Near top of lung where oxygen is

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7
Q

Look at pie char for racial distribution

A

White: 16% Black: 25% Mexican: 29% Hawaii: 1% Asian: 28% Indian: 1%

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8
Q

US born

A

White: 32% Black: 42% Mexican: 19% Hawaii:

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9
Q

Where is the highest rate of TB found?

A

South & Southeast Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Sub-Saharan Africa

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10
Q

What are the 6 populations with increased MTB infections?

A

AIDS, Drugg users, Nursing homes, Homeless shelters, Immigrants

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11
Q

What are the sputum processing guidelines for ID of MTB?

A

Early morning, 3-5 specimens preferably 24hrs apart. REFRIGERATE.
Add N-acetyl L-cysteine (digestion=frees) and 2% NaOH. Vortex (decontamination) and sit 20 min.
Add phosphate buffer and centrifuge 3000-3800g Decant and add 2ml Phosphate buffer.
Screen for MTB with Fluorescent Acid fast

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12
Q

What are the methods for ID of M. Leprae?

A

There are not any Lab methods. (Dermatologist can Biopsy and acid fast to ID organisms if present)

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13
Q

What is the medium for MGIT, BacTALERT and BACTEC.

A

MiddleBrook broth

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14
Q

Define Rapid grower

A

Grow in

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15
Q

What is the most reliable biochemical test for ID of MTB?

A

Niacin

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16
Q

What is the least reliable Biochemical for ID of MTB?

A

Nitrate

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17
Q

What is a Phtochromogen?

A

Yellow w/ light

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18
Q

What is a Nonchromogen?

A

Never produces a pigment

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19
Q

What is a Scotochromogen?

A

Produces pigment independently of light exposure

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20
Q

Memorize the pathogenic M. species table on powerpoint 2 page 2, first slide.

A

This table is very important, I talked with Katie about tit and knowing it will be very useful

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21
Q

How do you ID MTB?

A

Niacin(+), = go to bank

Nitrate(+), T2H resistant, heat stable catalase(-) unless INH resistant

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22
Q

Why would RNA be used over DNA?

A

There is a lot more RNA than DNA.

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23
Q

What is an accuprobe and what does it target

A

RNA from MEDIA

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24
Q

What is a Cepheid (gene expert) and what does it target?

A

DNA directly from specimen

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25
What are the advantages and disadvantages of amplified DNA
Uses clinical specimen so it is faster but it uses DNA which is not as sensitive
26
Runyon group 1
Photocromogens
27
Runyon group 2
Scotochromogens
28
Runyon group 3
Nonchromogens
29
Runyon group 4
Rapid Growers
30
What are the 3 members of MTB complex?
MTB, M. Bovis, M. africanum
31
What is the criteria for skin culturing?
37 AND 30-32 degrees
32
What bacteria is inhibited by T2H?
M. Bovis
33
What bacteria are nitrate pos?
MTB, M. kansasii, M. szulgai, M. fortuytum
34
How do pathogenic and nonpathogenic scotochromogens react in urease generally?
Urease neg scotochromogens are usually pathogens
35
Which test differentiate MTB and M. Bovis?
Niacin, T2H (nitrate)
36
What bacteria grows best less than 35-37?
M. marinum
37
What bacteria grows best at greater than 37?
M. xenopi
38
How does the TB process make positive testing results?
Macrophage is infected with TB, Lymphs surround and produce interferon gamma (=granuloma) Gamma interferon is measured by ELISA, reliable on vaccinated individuals and AIDS
39
How is cord factor used to ID and what is its importance?
ID's TB and increases its virulence
40
What are the special requirements of M. Haemophilum?
Needs heme
41
What is the appearance of MTB on agar plates?
Rough and buff
42
What is the appearance of M. kansasii on agar plates?
Produces pigment in light
43
What is the appearance of M. xenopi on agar plates?
Always produces pigment
44
What is the appearance of M. fortuitum on agar plates?
Rapid grower, may be rusty colored
45
Explain the following about M. bovis: how it affects the TB skin test, how it is used in cancer patients, how it is identified, and relationship to BCG
Gives (+) TB test, used in bladder caner patients, inhibited by T2H, attenuated strand for BCG vaccine
46
What are the two solid media used for isolation of mycobacterium?
Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) and Middlebrow 7H10
47
What are the 3 types of broth media for isolation?
Tactic-MGIT, Organon Teknika-BacAlert, and Bactec 9000
48
What media is used to ID organisms more quickly?
Broth
49
What temps are cultures set up at?
ALL @ 37, Skin @37 and 30-32
50
What media are all organisms set up in?
BOTH
51
What are the results of arylsylfatase nitrate, iron uptake and MAC for M. fortuitum?
arylsulfatase(+), nitrate(+), iron uptake(+), and MacConkey(+)
52
What are the results of arylsylfatase nitrate, iron uptake and MAC for M. chelonae?
arylsulfatase(+), nitrate(-), iron uptake(-), and MacConkey(-)
53
What are the results of arylsylfatase nitrate, iron uptake and MAC for M. abscesses?
arylsulfatase(+), nitrate(-), iron uptake(-), and MacConkey(+)
54
How is tween used to differentiate pathogenic and nonpathogenic scotochromogens?
Tween positive are usually nonpathogenic
55
What bacteria are nitrate pos?
M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. szulgai, M. fortuitum
56
What bacteria are in scrofulous wounds in adults?
MTB
57
What bacteria are in scrofulous wounds in children?
M. scrofulaceum
58
What bacteria is historicaly associated with AIDS patients and isolated from their stools/blood?
M. avium
59
What characteristics are used to differentiate organisms into their runyon groups?
Pigment production and growth rate
60
What are the 4 probes for mycobacteria ID?
TB complex, Avium-intracellulare complex, M. gordonae, and M. Kansasii
61
Where is M. bovid typically found and how is it transmitted?
Cows, and transmitted by their products
62
What organisms and characteristics are IDed by the GENExpert?
MTB and Rifampin
63
What is the ideal contamination rate for specimens?
5%
64
What mycobacteria produces disease similar to MTB and is a photchromogen?
M. Kansasii

Microbiology Module 2 '15-'16 (7 decks)

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