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BACTE FINALS 5 > MYCOBACTERIA > Flashcards

MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards

1
Q

i. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ii. Mycobacterium bovis
iii. Mycobacterium africanum
iv. Mycobacterium canetti
v. Mycobacterium microti

A

. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

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2
Q

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria

A

Group I – photochromogens, produces
pigment when there is light, no light = no
pigment (photo – light, chromo –
pigment)
ii. Group II – scotochromogens, produces
pigment with and without the presence
of light.
iii. Group III – non-photochromogens, does
not produce any kind of pigment.
➢ Group I, II, III are slow
growers.
iv. Group IV – rapid growers

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3
Q
  • Slender, slightly curved or straight, rod-shaped organisms
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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4
Q
  • Non-motile and do not form spores
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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5
Q
  • The cell wall has extremely high lipid content; thus, mycobacterial cells
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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6
Q
  • Resist staining with commonly used basic aniline dyes, such as those used in the Gram stain, at room temperature.
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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7
Q
  • Take up dye with increased staining time or application of heat but resist decolorization with acid-ethanol
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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8
Q
  • This characteristic is referred to as acid fastness—hence, the term AFB—and
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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9
Q

strictly aerobic, but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) will enhance the growth of some species.

A

MYCOBACTERIA

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10
Q
  • Cause pulmonary tuberculosis
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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11
Q
  • Studied using AFS (Acid Fast Staining)
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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12
Q
  • Important component is the Mycolic acid (targeted by the antibiotics that are used
A

MYCOBACTERIA

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13
Q
  • Antibiotics of Mycobacteria
A

Isoniazid, Rifampin

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14
Q
  • Consists of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis
A

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX

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15
Q
  • (including the vaccination strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin), M. africanum, M. canettii, and
    M. microti. M. africanum
A

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX

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16
Q

usually a disease of the respiratory tract.

A
  • TB
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17
Q

are acquired from persons with active disease who are excreting viable bacilli by sneezing or talking.

A
  • Tubercle bacilli
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18
Q

an organization of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and
* capillaries.

A

granuloma

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19
Q

or granuloma may be formed

A
  • Hard tubercle
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20
Q

o Granuloma treatment is from

A

9-12 months

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21
Q

screening test or the positive PPD (purified protein derivatives) skin test also known as Mantoux skin test.

A
  • Clinical diagnosis of primary TB
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22
Q

ositive PPD (purified protein derivatives) skin test also known as

A

Mantoux skin test.

23
Q
  • Other tests for pulmonary tuberculosis
A

X-ray, culture of the sputum, AFS using the sputum

24
Q

Diagnosis is confirmed by

A

y stained smear and culture of sputum, gastric aspirates, or bronchoscopy specimens

25
Q

o Aside from your lungs, it can also infect other organs through hematogenous spread (spread through blood circulation)

A
  • Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
26
Q

refers to the seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread. (sesame seeds)

A
  • Miliary TB
27
Q

unexplained pleural effusion with mononuclear pleurocytosis, manifests as cough, fever, and chest pain, resembling the presentation of bacterial pneumonia.

A
  • Pleurisy
28
Q

– inflammation of the lymph nodes

A
  • Lymphadenitis
29
Q

of the spine is referred to as Pott disease.

A
  • Skeletal TB
30
Q

, skinny, and not able to stand up

A

o Positive in TB

31
Q

examination usually reveals an elevated protein level, decreased glucose level, and a predominance of lymphocytes.

A
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
32
Q

malachite green, egg white)

A

LJ medium

33
Q

characterized as cauliflower appearance.

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
34
Q

colonies typically raised, with a dry, rough appearance

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
35
Q

nonpigmented and classically described as being buff-colored

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
36
Q
  • Optimal growth occurs at
A

35° C to 37° C.

37
Q
  • For pulmonary TB, treatment typically involves
A

9-month course of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin, usually once per day the first month and twice a week thereafte

38
Q

o for severe/chronic TB, therap

A

12 months

39
Q

first life of drugs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

A

o isoniazid and rifampin

40
Q

inhibits mycolic acid

A

o Isoniazid

41
Q

inhibits RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin

42
Q
  • Regimens also include a 2- to 8-week initial course of
A

streptomycin or ethambutol

43
Q

may be added to the regimen if there is a suspicion of lowered cellular immunity and a need to obtain bactericidal levels of antimycobacterial activity intracellularly in macrophages.

A
  • Pyrazinamide (PZA)
44
Q

defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin

A
  • MDR-TB (multi drug resistant TB)
45
Q

is defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampin plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs—the aminoglycosides amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin.

A
  • Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)
46
Q

RIPES (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

A

o Primary drugs

47
Q

Aminoglycosides Amikacin, Kanamycin, or Capreomycin.

A

o Secondary drugs

48
Q
  • TB primarily in cattle but also in other ruminants, as well as in dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans. (domestic animals)
A

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

49
Q
  • The disease in humans closely resembles that caused by M. tuberculosis and is treated similarly.
A

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

50
Q
  • days of incubation at C.
A

21 , 37°C

51
Q

o niacin-negative
o do not reduce nitrate
o do not grow in the presence of (T2H) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide

A
  • Test results of M. bovis
52
Q
  • Causes TB in Tropical Africa
A

MYCOBACTERIUM AFRICANUM

53
Q
  • Associated with AIDS patients
A

MYCOBACTERIUM CANETTI

54
Q
  • Causes TB for both immunocompromised and competent
A

MYCOBACTERIUM MICROTI

BACTE FINALS 5 (11 decks)

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