MYCOBACTERIA

Question 1

i. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ii. Mycobacterium bovis
iii. Mycobacterium africanum
iv. Mycobacterium canetti
v. Mycobacterium microti

Answer 1

. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Question 2

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Answer 2

Group I – photochromogens, produces
pigment when there is light, no light = no
pigment (photo – light, chromo –
pigment)
ii. Group II – scotochromogens, produces
pigment with and without the presence
of light.
iii. Group III – non-photochromogens, does
not produce any kind of pigment.
➢ Group I, II, III are slow
growers.
iv. Group IV – rapid growers

Question 3

• Slender, slightly curved or straight, rod-shaped organisms

Answer 3

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 4

• Non-motile and do not form spores

Answer 4

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 5

• The cell wall has extremely high lipid content; thus, mycobacterial cells

Answer 5

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 6

• Resist staining with commonly used basic aniline dyes, such as those used in the Gram stain, at room temperature.

Answer 6

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 7

• Take up dye with increased staining time or application of heat but resist decolorization with acid-ethanol

Answer 7

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 8

• This characteristic is referred to as acid fastness—hence, the term AFB—and

Answer 8

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 9

strictly aerobic, but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) will enhance the growth of some species.

Answer 9

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 10

• Cause pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 10

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 11

• Studied using AFS (Acid Fast Staining)

Answer 11

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 12

• Important component is the Mycolic acid (targeted by the antibiotics that are used

Answer 12

MYCOBACTERIA

Question 13

• Antibiotics of Mycobacteria

Answer 13

Isoniazid, Rifampin

Question 14

• Consists of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis

Answer 14

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX

Question 15

• (including the vaccination strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin), M. africanum, M. canettii, and
  M. microti. M. africanum

Answer 15

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX

Question 16

usually a disease of the respiratory tract.

Answer 16

• TB

Question 17

are acquired from persons with active disease who are excreting viable bacilli by sneezing or talking.

Answer 17

• Tubercle bacilli

Question 18

an organization of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and
* capillaries.

Answer 18

granuloma

Question 19

or granuloma may be formed

Answer 19

• Hard tubercle

Question 20

o Granuloma treatment is from

Answer 20

9-12 months

Question 21

screening test or the positive PPD (purified protein derivatives) skin test also known as Mantoux skin test.

Answer 21

• Clinical diagnosis of primary TB

Question 22

ositive PPD (purified protein derivatives) skin test also known as

Answer 22

Mantoux skin test.

Question 23

• Other tests for pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 23

X-ray, culture of the sputum, AFS using the sputum

Question 24

Diagnosis is confirmed by

Answer 24

y stained smear and culture of sputum, gastric aspirates, or bronchoscopy specimens

Question 25

o Aside from your lungs, it can also infect other organs through hematogenous spread (spread through blood circulation)

Answer 25

* Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 26

refers to the seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread. (sesame seeds)

Answer 26

* Miliary TB

Question 27

unexplained pleural effusion with mononuclear pleurocytosis, manifests as cough, fever, and chest pain, resembling the presentation of bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 27

* Pleurisy

Question 28

– inflammation of the lymph nodes

Answer 28

* Lymphadenitis

Question 29

of the spine is referred to as Pott disease.

Answer 29

* Skeletal TB

Question 30

, skinny, and not able to stand up

Answer 30

o Positive in TB

Question 31

examination usually reveals an elevated protein level, decreased glucose level, and a predominance of lymphocytes.

Answer 31

* Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 32

malachite green, egg white)

Answer 32

LJ medium

Question 33

characterized as cauliflower appearance.

Answer 33

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 34

colonies typically raised, with a dry, rough appearance

Answer 34

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 35

nonpigmented and classically described as being buff-colored

Answer 35

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 36

* Optimal growth occurs at

Answer 36

35° C to 37° C.

Question 37

* For pulmonary TB, treatment typically involves

Answer 37

9-month course of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin, usually once per day the first month and twice a week thereafte

Question 38

o for severe/chronic TB, therap

Answer 38

12 months

Question 39

first life of drugs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Answer 39

o isoniazid and rifampin

Question 40

inhibits mycolic acid

Answer 40

o Isoniazid

Question 41

inhibits RNA polymerase

Answer 41

Rifampin

Question 42

* Regimens also include a 2- to 8-week initial course of

Answer 42

streptomycin or ethambutol

Question 43

may be added to the regimen if there is a suspicion of lowered cellular immunity and a need to obtain bactericidal levels of antimycobacterial activity intracellularly in macrophages.

Answer 43

* Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Question 44

defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin

Answer 44

* MDR-TB (multi drug resistant TB)

Question 45

is defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampin plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs—the aminoglycosides amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin.

Answer 45

* Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)

Question 46

RIPES (Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

Answer 46

o Primary drugs

Question 47

Aminoglycosides Amikacin, Kanamycin, or Capreomycin.

Answer 47

o Secondary drugs

Question 48

* TB primarily in cattle but also in other ruminants, as well as in dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans. (domestic animals)

Answer 48

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

Question 49

* The disease in humans closely resembles that caused by M. tuberculosis and is treated similarly.

Answer 49

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

Question 50

* days of incubation at C.

Answer 50

21 , 37°C

Question 51

o niacin-negative o do not reduce nitrate o do not grow in the presence of (T2H) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide

Answer 51

* Test results of M. bovis

Question 52

* Causes TB in Tropical Africa

Answer 52

MYCOBACTERIUM AFRICANUM

Question 53

* Associated with AIDS patients

Answer 53

MYCOBACTERIUM CANETTI

Question 54

* Causes TB for both immunocompromised and competent

Answer 54

MYCOBACTERIUM MICROTI