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Clasciv MA > mycenae, tiryns, troy > Flashcards

mycenae, tiryns, troy Flashcards

1
Q

where is Ithaca?

A
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2
Q

where is Mycenae?

A
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3
Q

what is the timeline for the Mycenaeans?

A

3100BC - Minoan civilisation begins
1600BC - early mycenean - shaft graves
1400-1250BC-palatial period begins
1200-1050BC - Mycenaean period ends. Palaces seem to come under attack before being abandoned
1100BC- trojan war
700BC - Illiad and Odyssey composed
508BC- democracy established

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4
Q

when were the mycenaean cyclopeaean walls built?

A

1350BC

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5
Q

what is the brief timeline for the minoana?

A

3100BC- begins
2000BC - MInoan civilisation
1500BC - late Minoan. increasing mycenaean influence
1450 BC widespread destruction - from then on administarative scripts written in mycenaean
1100 minoan culture goes into decline

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6
Q

why was Mycenae an excellent place to build a city?

A
  • situated ona hill with ravines surrounding the plains on 3 sides
  • a spring 400 m away with all year round supply (good for food aswell as agriculture)
  • 40-50m above plains
  • on a hill and surrounded by other hills (north and south of citadel)
  • ground artificially levelled
  • had cyclopeaqn walls
  • the ravine is almost impossible to attack
  • there were plains for farming
    (20km from sea)
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7
Q

what were the dimensions of the Mycenaean cyclopean walls?

A

12 m high
900 m long
5.5-7.5 metres thick
made of limestone

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8
Q

what were the gates in Mycenae called?

A

lion gate

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9
Q

what were the features of mycenae?

A

sally ports, corbelling (north and south), cistern, graves with treasure

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10
Q

why did the Greeks believe the walls were cyclopean?

A
  • no humans could have built such large structures without help
  • they believes it was persius that founded the city
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11
Q

who founded mycenae?

A

persius

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12
Q

who founded tiryns?

A

proitos - supposed birthplace of heracles

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13
Q

what were the walls in tiryns like?

A

7-10m high
cyclopean

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14
Q

what was the terrain around tiryns like?

A
  • built on a hill
    18m above land
    citadel 3400 m long and between 45-100m wide
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15
Q

what was in tiryns? what features did it have?

A

cyclopean walls, megaron and the rooms around it, corbelled galleries, cyclopean ramp

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16
Q

what were the walls in tory like

A

in troy VI there were 7m high walls
there were also towers in troy VI

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17
Q

what were the features in troy?

A

walth in VI
10,000 population in VI
partial human remains in VIIa
fire in VIIa
storage jast in VIIa

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18
Q

draw a layout of Mycenae.

A
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19
Q

point out where GCA, GCB, Tomb of Clytemnestra, Tom or Aedisitheus, lion gate treasury of atreus and major buildings were

A
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20
Q

when were the major site in Mycenae biult

A

1400 BC
- including main buildings and treasury of atreus

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21
Q

when was GCA AND GCB built?

A

GCB - 1675BC
GCA - 1600 bc

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22
Q

what were the important defences of Mycenae? WHy?

A

sally ports in the north and south and corbelling.
GTHe sally ports allowed defenders to attack and potential threats . This is because there were gaps in the outer wall

23
Q

what is corbelling?

A

it is used to span a gap between two walls creating a vaulted roof. it helped conceal sally ports

24
Q

what is the cistern? which citadel had one?

A

mycenae
- a tank used to store water
- 18m below geound levek
- collected water through clay pipes in roofs.
the water came form a natrual spring
if an attacker tried to cur off water supply rhen the mycenareans woudl be able to get a secret supple
it was vital and technically profficient

25
what was so special about the lion gate?
it was made of conglomerate creating effetive transport as it was shinier and smoother - it was really heavy - it weighed more than 20 tonnes
26
what did GCA AND GCB represent?
opulence
27
what was the significane of the tomb of clytemnesta, aggamemnon, atreus
hereditery power and legitimises their. power
28
draw a diagram of tiryns
29
where is the cyclopean ramp, gates, corralled galleries, megaron, curved western wall in tiryns?
1- cyclopean ramp (there are 2 walls at that on specific section 2 - gates (there are 2 gates) 3- galleries 4 - courtyard 5- palace courtyard 6 - megaron and palace 7- west gate - there is a curve and juts out (gives defenders visibily of attackers from sea - attackers must approach from the right dide meaning they are exposed
30
how far away is tiryns from the sea?
1 mile
31
how many m is tiyns above a plain?
18 m
32
what are the dimensions of tiryns?
300 m long and 45-100 m wide
33
what are the dimensions for the cyclopean walls at tiryns?
7 - 10 m high curved western wall which gave defenders better visibilitt and advantage with attackers on the right side
34
what was the cyclopean ramp? which citadel had it?
tiryns attackers have to follow the length of the wall to get in. there was an incline cobbled ramp which was alrge and steep meaning it could take some time to progress upwards giving defenders time to attack - they are also trapped by two walls - they would be exposed on their right side (Ino shield there)
35
what were the gates at tiryns like?
3 m high and 3 m wide - it was a narrow channel so attackers could b etrapped between the two fgates where the defenders could hurl things at attackers
36
what were the corbelled galleries? which citadel had them?
- tiryns - concealed galleries used to store grain or ammunition and designed to house supplies of potentially even refugees from the surrounding area in times of seige (noon ereally knows)
37
what was the megaron in tiryns liek?
it had a small platform for the kings throne. it had octopi and dolphins plastered on the floow, walls were covered in plaster where frescoes of rich ladies and a hunting scene and it had a central hearth. the elevated throne showed power
38
what were the rooms around the megaron like in tiryns?
- series of apartments and colonnades for the rulera and a bathroom with a floor which was made of a polished limestone slab - this implies some sort of plumbing and shows it was a technological civilisation with sanitation. it also projectd wealtha nd luxury
39
what were the corbelled galleries in tiryns like?
they were built on the outer walls of the city and had vaulted roofs - they were 30m long and had a large number of rooms - shos they had a large population which defended on the fortress and citadel - shows they had the resources to build them in time of need (1300 onwards they were under increased threst)
40
what was the relationship between mycenae and tiryns?
- tiryns has mycenaean influences - questions whether they were sharing or competing for land as they have a common culture - tiryns would have been able to cut off Mycenae - tiryns may have also been a first line of defence for Mycenae as it was stronger and closer to the sea and Mycenae was larger may have been a harbour town for mycenae aswell
41
who is shliemann? why is he relevant?
he dug up troy
42
what arguments are there for troy being or not being the homeric troy?
yes it is: - Illiad refers to troy having high walls, towers and being a thriving city and it appears to be. Troy VI had 7m high walls, towers and a large population - there was a fire and partial human remains found at troy viia which lines up with homeric troy - in troy VI there are also rivers, islands, oak trees that line up with the Iliad - the tawagalaga letter written by hittite king mentions former hostilities with Wilusa( Ilium-TRoy)- this interpretation may be wrong though no it isnt: these features aren't specific to troy e.g., tall walls, wealth, alrge population
43
what did schlieman's wife model?
priam's treasures
44
where was troy situated?
- on a hill - near arrable land - near coast for trade - turkey - near river so there is opedn trade to the Black Sea - trade route
45
why is there controvery around schliemann?
he may have fabricated his findings. he difgged to far down (passed the mycenaean period and where troy would have been) so it was not logical thar it would be tory - he smuggled some of priam's trasures from turkey to greece ans was expelled from the ottomon empire aka turkey
46
what woudl the relationship between mycenae and troy have been
friendly for trade and troy is connected to black sea - evidence such as the Tawagalaga letter and the fact that Troy Viia was burnt down around 1200 bc suggests otherwise
47
what is the floor made out of in the megaron at tiryns?
polished limestonew
48
what was rthe structure of palaces?
- often have a hearth - circular -often highest part of citadel - often have a megaron - often decorated with images of octopi, dolphins - had an entrance poech with two columns and a room beyond called a vestibule - often had 4 pillars in the megaron - often approached through open courtyards - included a raised platrom for the throne of the 'king' - potentially a bathroom (as at tiryns)
49
what was the size of the megaron at mycenae
12x13m
50
what was the possible use of the palace or megaron?
where a king or great official recieved his taxes or tribute. - batrhoom could be used by a traveller arriving / guest
51
what might the hearth have been used for?
the hearth was probably cermeonial. if it wes used for food then the room would smoke up completely
52
why was hunting important to mycenaeans?
- high risk and unecessary which shows that people who went hunting hasd the time, leisure, money to do so - it was a status symbold e.g., hide, gowy, power, strength, coming of age like in Odyssey book 19
53

Clasciv MA (30 decks)

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