foundation stories- Roman

Question 1

who were Aeneas’ mother and father?

Answer 1

(Aphrodite) Venus and Anchises

Question 2

Why was Aeneas’ mother made to fall in love with a mortal?

Answer 2

Venus had boasted to the Gods that she had persuaded them to sleep with mortal women, causing problems. As punishment, Juniper placed desire for a mortal man into Venus’ heart

Question 3

How is Aeneas described in the Illiad?

Answer 3

a brave solider and loved by the Gods

Question 4

Whom did Aeneas take with him when he left Tory? who did he leave behind?

Answer 4

he fled with the public penates, his father Anchises, son Ascanius, however he lost his wife, Cruese and she died.

Question 5

what was Aeneas’ wife and son name?

Answer 5

w - Cruese
son - ascanius

Question 6

what were the public penates?

Answer 6

sacred objects, dedicated to the city (like the religious heart, soul of Troy).

Question 7

what happened to the public Penates after rome was founded?

Answer 7

the Vestal virgins

Question 8

what does the word pietas mean?

Answer 8

it is virtue and sense of duty a man has to family, gods, and city

Question 9

how does Aeneas show penates when leaving Troy

Answer 9

he shows family by taking Anchises, Ascanius. He shoes city and religion through taking the public penates

Question 10

what did Aeneas do before founding a new city in Latium (latium is not Rome but a settlement called Lavinium after his wife, Lavinia)

Answer 10

He fought a huge war with a local tribe who were annoyed by their cattle and spoils being taken. Then he made peace with king Latinus of Latium

Question 11

What was the name of Lavinia and Aeneas’ new son and why was it a source of confusion

Answer 11

the son was called Ascanius. This is confusing because it is unknown whether there was a second son or confusion of ancient source material as Aeneas’ first son by Cruese was also known as Iulus

Question 12

Why was Aeneas so important to the founding of Rome, and particularly to Augustus?

Answer 12

Augustus was ruling at the time. Augustus was the nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar, and their lineage can be traced back to Aeneas, legitimising their right to rule to Rome (because they are related to the Gods that founded the roman race

Question 13

What was the name of the city Ascanius founded, and why did he found it?

Answer 13

it was called Alba longa. He founded it due to the gradual expansion of Lavinium

Question 14

How was this new city connected to Romulus and Remus?

Answer 14

Alba Longa spawned a line of kings that culminated in the Birth of Romulus and Remus. This is impressive and worth being proud of as the Trojans were ancient warriors and they had local lineage

Question 15

Who was Antenor?

Answer 15

a trojan elder who advised returning Helen to the Greeks and was spared

Question 16

Which city did Antenor found

Answer 16

Troy, where the Venetic people lived

Question 17

summarise the two versions of how Aeneas found the settlement of Lavinium on Italian soil according to Livy

Answer 17

1. Latinus was defeated and they made peace and there was an alliance fo marriage
2. As they were on the battle ground, Latinus asks who they are and he admired the fame and heroism of them and gave his pledge in eternal friendship. they made a treaty and saluted one another

Question 18

How does Aeneas show the Roman virtue pietas?

Answer 18

he received the hospitality of Latinus and Latinus in the presense of his household gods, added domestic treaty to public treaty by giving his daughter’s hand in marriage to Aeneas - founding lavinium

Question 19

what was Aeneas’ new settlement called and why?

Answer 19

Lavinium, after his wife Lavinia

Question 20

why couldn’t Aeneas hold the penates when he was running away (in some stories)

Answer 20

his hands were bloody from fighting

Question 21

what are the 2 names of Cruese’s son?

Answer 21

Iulius (as named in the Illiad) and Ascanius

Question 22

where did Aeneas grow up?

Answer 22

Troy - he was a fierce warrior and fought in the Trojan war

Question 23

how did troy fall?

Answer 23

after 10 years of fighting, the Greeks couldn’t defeat the Trojans. In a last attempt, they turned to Odysseus, the King of Ithaca. Odyssues made the trojan horse which was filled with greek soldiers, but disguised as a peace offering. The Greeks quickly killed the Trojan warriors and began to burn the city. in the process, they killed the Trojan king, Priam

Question 24

who was the king of Troy?

Answer 24

priam

Question 25

who is Aeneas?

Answer 25

He is the son of a Trojan prince. Aeneas’ father was the 1st cousin of Priam

Question 26

where did Aeneas travel across after fleeing Troy?

Answer 26

Aegean sea - macedon - Sicily - west coast of Italy

Question 27

how was Rome founded?

Answer 27

The grandfather of Romulus and Remus, King Numitor, was supplanted by his brother Amulius. When they came of age, R and R took revenge on Amulius and killed him, returning to Numitor. Rather than continue to live in Alba longa, they decided to found a new city because Alba Longa, like Lavinium, had become too crowded

Question 28

Who is Livy? when did he live?

Answer 28

Titus Livius was born in Padua northern Italy in either 64 or 59 BC.
He was a Historian
He was born during a civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey Magnus in 59BC and was a young man when JC was assassinated. Caesar’s adopted son also avenged his murderers (Cassius and Brutus) +(tension between him and MA) in Greece and in 27 he became head of state.
Rome turned into an imperial system and the republic fell

Question 29

how does the historical context change the way Livy writes about history

Answer 29

• potentially in favour of Octavian potentially because he gave him stability and peace, however livy also supported the old republic (Augustus fought and ended the republic but in a way that was not detected)
• he lived through a significant period of time and was exposed to new ideas
• it gives him some level of accuracy to an extent
• however it would have been difficult to write about the earlier history due to lack of sources

Question 30

pros and cons of livy?

Answer 30

PROS
– he lived through a significant period of time and was exposed to new ideas - it gives him some level of accuracy to an extent
- an important figure of roman society and was popular?
CONS
- he wasn’t a historisn int he same way as a modern historian - didnt gather evidence int he same way
- a large margin of error is possible as many roman legends were oral and ROme was destroyed after it was sacked by the Gauls in 387BC so many records were lost
- Livy didn’t separate from fact and fiction and he didn’t feel that it was his intentian and he thought Rome had the right to claim its sacred origins