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Clasciv MA > festivals > Flashcards

festivals Flashcards

1
Q

whow as the great Panathenaia for?

A

all athenians and resident foreigners

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2
Q

who created the Panathenaia?

A

Theseus in order to hnour Athena.

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3
Q

when was the great Panathenaia created?

A

566 BC

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4
Q

how often did the great Panathenaia take place?

A

once every 4 years

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5
Q

how long was the great Panathenaia?

A

8 days

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6
Q

what happened on day 1 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

Rhapsodic and Musical contests

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7
Q

what did the rhapsodic and musical contests in the Great Panathenaia include?

A

verse were recited form the Illiad and Odyssey
there were 4 main other contests revolving arond the Aulos and Kithara:
1. singers accompanied by Aulos
2. singers accompanied by Kithara
3. soloists on Aulos
4. soloists on Kithara

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8
Q

what is a kithara?

A

harp like instrument

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9
Q

what is an aulos?

A

and oboe like instrument

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10
Q

what happened on day 2 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

Boys and Youth Athletics

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11
Q

what happened on day 3 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

Men’s Athletics

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12
Q

what happened on day 4 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

Equestrian events

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13
Q

what happened on day 2 and day 3 of the the Great Panathenaia?

A

contests including stadion (rinnign the length of a stadium), wrestling (where the men were covered in oil), boxing (with no head gear and only leather straps around the knuckles), pankrateon (boxing and wrestling), Penthalon (discus, javelin, long jump, stadion, wrestling)

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14
Q

what was the prize of winning the equestrian in the Great Panathenaia? what did it include?

A

included a 4-horse chariot rase, mounted javelin contest.
the prize was a panathenaic amphora (with Athena on one side)

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15
Q

what happened on day 5 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

tribal events
- made up of this ocntest only open to athenian citizens who competed in their 10 tribes
1. series of strength trials
2. boat race taking place in a near port by the town called Piraus
3. Dance competition accompanied by the Aulos

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16
Q

what happened on day 6 of the Great Panathenaia?

A
  • it took place over the Acropolis
  • there was a torch race which involves a 2 mile race from Dipylon gate to the Altar ont he Acropolic and they raced with a torch.
  • singing and dancing
  • all Athenians presented her with pelops (Greek dress woven using saffron purple cloth, including scenes form the great battle between gods and giants)
  • procession began at DIpylon gate through the city to the Acropolis
    • the procession ended at Athena Polias (between pantheon and erqchtheion)
  • the sacrifice began at Athena polias - hetacomb and then feast
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17
Q

what happened to the winner’s torch after day 6 of the Great Panathenaia?

A

used to light the sacrificial flame the following day (glory and honour)

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18
Q

what is the pelops?

A

greek dress woven using saffrom and purple cloth including scenes from the great Batttle between Gods and Giants

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19
Q

what happened on day 7 of the Great Panathenaia? what did it include? who was the prize given to?

A

the boat race and the Apobates. this is where a fully armoured racer had to dismount and remount the chariot. the prize went ot the owner of thr horse

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20
Q

what happened on day 8

A

the prize giving

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21
Q

when was the city of Dionysia founded ?

A

in 6rth century BC - a date which coincides with the alliance between Eleutherae and Athens

22
Q

where is Eleutherae?

A

the northern borser of Attica

23
Q

how was an allinace formes between. the Eleutheraens and Athenians?

A

a statue from Eleutherae came but was then rejected byt Athenians. The city was hit with a plague affecting men’s gentials and the Athenians linked the events. They then accepted DIonysus into the city and honoured him and the men were cured

24
Q

how was dionysus worshipped? when? where?

A

through theatre. dionysus was associated with rebirth, so the festival took place in spring over 5 days in Mid-March.
the festival started in Athens (at the gates), but the majority of the festival was based int he sanctary of Dionysus (on the south side fo the acropolis and had an altar and short wall, there was also a temple that was small and in the NW corner)

25
Q

where is the sanctuary of Dionysus?

A

on the south side fo the acropolis and had an altar and short wall, there was also a temple that was small and in the NW corner

26
Q

what officials were infolved witht Dionysia? what did their role involve

A

the city was democratic and they had an epynomous archon who was an elected official who had various administrative responsibilities over the year eg., they woudl select 3 tragic playwrites and 5 comic playwrites to participate in the play. they woudl also choose choregos to finance the plays

27
Q

who participated int he festival celebrating Dionysus?

A

professional playwrites (among which was fierce competition), however not exclusive to them

28
Q

what are some examples of the activities that the wider communitiy of Dionysia coudl get involved in?

A

the Dithyramb which was the choral dance honouring Dionysia. 100 members from each tribe took part (1000 amateurs). these epople were drawn from the citizen body

29
Q

what happened the night before the festival in the city of Dionysia?

A

a torch procession took place to recreate the events that took place in 6th cent BC when ELeutherae allied with Athens and wodden statue of Dionysus was brought into the city. The statue travelled from just outside the cuty into the city and was accompanied by military cadetts

30
Q

what heppened on day 1 of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

pompe, dithyrambic contests, komos

31
Q

what was the pompe of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

grand procession that took place accompanied by the statue of Dionysus in a boat on wheels from the city gates to the sanctuary of Dionysus. it was carnival-like with drinking, dancing, revelry

32
Q

what woudl people in the pompe of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

they would bringh sacrificial objects and phalluses in reconition with Dionysus’ relationship with fertility

33
Q

what did the dithyramb competition involve?

A
  • took place in a theatre
    involved a choral song and dance written to honour Dionysus
34
Q

what did the komos involve?

A
  • only men took part and a central symbol was the Phallus
  • it took place in the evening and participants woudl rbing leather phallus to present to Gods (Dionysus as God of fertility). involved singing, dancing, drinking
35
Q

what happened on Day 2 of the festival of the City Of Dionysia

A

there were the opening ceremonies and the 5 comedies

36
Q

what happened in the opening ceremonies of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

priest of Dionysus would sacrifice a piglet
- 10 generals of Athens poured a libation to 12 Olympian Gods
- there were thratrical contests which cosrted 2 Obols ( a day’s wage for an unskilled worker) and the Athenians set up the Theoric Fund to help the poor attend

37
Q

what was special about comedies?

A

develped later than tragedies and perhaps reflected the political freedom of 5th century Athens - themes of cpomedy, war, reversed roles e.g., slaves and bosses, politics

38
Q

what happened on day 3 and day 4 of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

3 tragedies and 1 Satyr play

39
Q

what happened on day 5 of the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

the 3 tragedies and 1 satyr play anfd the judging and prize givign

40
Q

what did the tragedies of the festival of the City Of Dionysia involve?

A

they were perfomed in a trilogy so each day was devoted to 3 playwrites (showing emphasis on tragedy over comedy)
the tragedy was usually inspired by well known mythic and historical events of the past - focused on human suffering and explore human nature

41
Q

what did the satyr plays of the festival of the City Of Dionysia involve?

A

written by 1 play write. it had mythological themes and was unrelated to the tragedies played prior. it was supposed to be a comedic respite after the 3 tragedies

42
Q

how were things judged in the festival of the City Of Dionysia?

A

each judge wrote the plays in orfer of preference and olaced in. alist in a single urn. the epynomous archon then drew 5 of the 10 lists. The playwrite with the most votes was declares victor and was given a garland of ivy ( a symbol of Dionysus)

43
Q

what was Lupercalia about?

A

a festival origianally derived from the purification and fertility to honour the god Lupercus (‘Lupus means wolf in Latin) so the festival also honured Rome’s founder Romulus (AKA king of SHeperds)

44
Q

why is there debate about the origins of the festival Lupercalia?

A

Plutarch links the festival to the festival with Archadian Lychee, the feast of the wolves.
Ovid links it to the festival with the God Pan.

45
Q

when did Lupercalia take place?

A

15th February

46
Q

what officials were involved with Lupercalia?

A

the preists were claled Luperci and were chosed especially for the day from the noble male population

47
Q

what happened at the beginning of the festival Lupercalia?

A

the priests gathered in the Lupercal(the cave in Palatine hill of Rome where Lupercalia took place)
IT WAS BELIEVED TO BE THE PLACE WHERE ROMULUS AND REMUS WERE SUCKLED BY THE SHE-WOLF
the luperci then separated into 2 groups and underwnet a sacrifice in honour of the god
Afterwards the 2 teams took part in a race around the food of the Palatine hill

48
Q

what did the sacrifice in Lupercalia involve?

A

on entering the cave the Luperci sacrificed dogs and goats as these animals were known for their virility ((in a man) the quality of having strength, energy, and a strong sex drive; manliness).
they had mola salsa and sprikled it onto their heads and then the animals bowed their heads and their thrats were slit.
once the animal was dead a knife was dipped in the bloos and it was dripped onto the forheads of participants which was then immediately wiped of with wool soaked in milk. Then the Luperci let out a laugh. then the haruspec woudl read the entrails, (if positive) and then they woudl feast

49
Q

what was special about the sacrifice at Lupercalia?

A

once the animal was dead a knife was dipped in the bloos and it was dripped onto the forheads of participants which was then immediately wiped of with wool soaked in milk. Then the Luperci let out a laugh.

50
Q

what was the animal skill in Lupercalia used for?

A

it was used to covber the body of people during the race (because the god is naked and so were his slaves - another wave of honoouring someone)

51
Q

what did the race in Lupercalia involve?

A

it was the public part of the festival which took participants through the Roman Forum and around the foot of the Palatine.
the participants woudl whip spectators with their leather strips to grant great fertility to those who were struck (therefore many women would purposefully get in the way of the race)

52
Q
A

Clasciv MA (22 decks)

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