great panathenaia Flashcards
what did the winner of the chariot race get? HOw about rhapsodes?
140 panathenaic amphora filled with olive oil
rhapsodes- golden crown worth 1000 Drachmas
whow as the great Panathenaia for?
who could participate
all athenians and resident foreigners
who created the Panathenaia?
Theseus in order to hnour Athena.
when was the great Panathenaia created?
566 BC
how often did the great Panathenaia take place?
once every 4 years
how long was the great Panathenaia?
8 days
what happened on day 1 of the Great Panathenaia?
Rhapsodic and Musical contests
what did the rhapsodic and musical contests in the Great Panathenaia include?
verse were recited form the Illiad and Odyssey
there were 4 main other contests revolving arond the Aulos and Kithara:
1. singers accompanied by Aulos
2. singers accompanied by Kithara
3. soloists on Aulos
4. soloists on Kithara
what is a kithara?
harp like instrument
what is an aulos?
and oboe like instrument
what happened on day 2 of the Great Panathenaia?
Boys and Youth Athletics
what happened on day 3 of the Great Panathenaia?
Men’s Athletics
what happened on day 4 of the Great Panathenaia?
Equestrian events
what happened on day 2 and day 3 of the the Great Panathenaia?
contests including stadion (rinnign the length of a stadium), wrestling (where the men were covered in oil), boxing (with no head gear and only leather straps around the knuckles), pankrateon (boxing and wrestling), Penthalon (discus, javelin, long jump, stadion, wrestling)
what was the prize of winning the equestrian in the Great Panathenaia? what did it include?
included a 4-horse chariot rase, mounted javelin contest.
the prize was a panathenaic amphora (with Athena on one side)
what happened on day 5 of the Great Panathenaia?
tribal events
- made up of this ocntest only open to athenian citizens who competed in their 10 tribes
1. series of strength trials
2. boat race taking place in a near port by the town called Piraus
3. Dance competition accompanied by the Aulos
what happened on day 6 of the Great Panathenaia?
- it took place over the Acropolis
- there was a torch race which involves a 2 mile race from Dipylon gate to the Altar ont he Acropolic and they raced with a torch.
- singing and dancing
- all Athenians presented her with pelops (Greek dress woven using saffron purple cloth, including scenes form the great battle between gods and giants)
- procession began at DIpylon gate through the city to the Acropolis
- the procession ended at Athena Polias (between pantheon and erqchtheion)
- the sacrifice began at Athena polias - hetacomb and then feast
what happened to the winner’s torch after day 6 of the Great Panathenaia?
used to light the sacrificial flame the following day (glory and honour)
what is the pelops?
greek dress woven using saffrom and purple cloth including scenes from the great Batttle between Gods and Giants
what happened on day 7 of the Great Panathenaia? what did it include? who was the prize given to?
the boat race and the Apobates. this is where a fully armoured racer had to dismount and remount the chariot. the prize went ot the owner of thr horse
what happened on day 8
the prize giving
what is the great panathenaia?
Athenian festivasl that took place every 4 years, containing more athletic and literacy competitions than the anual panathenaia (they have the big peplos which is taken to the parthenon aswell as a potential little peplos)
what is the panathenaia?
an anual athenian festival celebrating Athena’s birthday (they have a little peplos taken to the erechteioin)
what is the Dipylon gate?
gateway to the north of the city; the starting point doe the procession of the great panatheinaia, from where it made its was to the acropolis
who accompanies a rhapsode?
a kithara or aulos
what is the significance of the Athena Polias?
sltar between the Parthenon and the ACROPOLIS WHERE THE SACRIFICE TO ATHENA (HETACOMB) was made
what is the apobates/
‘dismounter’ chariot race where a fully armoured charioteer would lead of the chariot, run along side it, and then leap back on
what is the peplos?
a huge dress woven by noble maidens from saffron and purple cloth, embroidered with images of the battles between gods and gints; the larger version was used as a sail for a ceremonial boat and presented to the statue of Athena Parthenos, the smaller to the wooden statue of Athena in the Erechteion
what were the tribal contests in the great Panathenaia?
includes the euandria (strength and beauty), pyrrhic war dance (in full armour) and the aulos (prize- 100 drachmas and a bull)
what was the prize fro winning the equestrian events at the great Panathenaia? (e.g., the winnder of the chariot race)
140 amphorae - panathenaiac amphora full of olive oil (holds about 38 litres).
one side of the amphora had an image of Athena with the incription ‘ from the games at Athena’ and on the other side was an image of the relevant event
what did the winner of the rhapsodic events?
the victorious singer to the kithara won a golden crown worth 1000 drachmas (1 drachma was a days wage for a skilled worker)
what is the name of the all night procession in thr great panathenia? what did it include?
pannychis.
included hymns and sacrifices
(The night before (the large sacrififces), choirs of boys and maidens had celebrated a ‘night festival’ (pannychis)- the oxford reference)
what happened during the pompe procession?
the procession began at dipylon gatye and travelled through the city on the panathenaic way and ended at the foot of the acropolis. The larger of the 2 pelpoi was used as a sail for the ceremonial boat that was pushed up to the acropolis before it was removed and taken into the Acropolis. The procession ended at the altar to athena Polias that was situated between the Parthenon and the Erehteion.
where was the Panathenaic procession depicted?
Ont he ionic frieze of the Pathenon. The procession starts on the western (rear) part of the temple with men moundin and riding their horses (they are cavalry men) and the procession then follows two routes - north and south
what happened after the procession in the great panathenaia?
the sacrifice. it began at the altar of Athena Polias and only Athenians were allowed on the acropolis so a real sense of belonging could be felt.
hetacomb
what does the image from the parthenon freize show?
there are 192 citizens on the freize in a procession. GThis reflects the 192 athenians that die at the battle of Marathon, and commemorates their vicgtory over Persia
what does men gallpoing show?
hooves = speed
they have a heroic nudity and florifies Athenian citizens
there is a sense of unity as they have matching facial expressions
what do the maidens from the parthenon frieze show?
it depicts the sacrednessand impoatance as they are wearing their best clothes
there is a sense of slow and calm - important and sacred
both men and women are involved
what is on the eastern side of the Parthenaic frieze?
there is an image showing pelops bearers with Athena and Hephaestus to the right. It was positioned directly above the door to the parthenon - importance
the pelops is depicted as beautiful
it shows collective endevour and effort.
Athena and Hepahsetus are seeded+ barefoot - divine quality
the fact that Hepahestus is there shows craftmanship (perhaps inclusivity) and the beauty and skill required to make the temple
it depicts the citizend elevated to a divine level - importance.
