My upper limb (fuck) Flashcards
Where does the clavicle articulate with the scapula?
acromion of the scapula at its lateral end (the acromioclavicular joint) –
What do The clavicle, scapula and the attached muscles comprise?
The pectoral girdle
What are the movements of the scapula
Protraction - this extends the upper limb, for example, when we stretch out the
arm to push open a door.
Retraction - ‘squaring’ the shoulders
Elevation - shrugging the shoulders
Depression – lowering the shoulders
Rotation - this tilts the glenoid fossa cranially to aid elevation of the upper limb
What are the two large superficial muscles of the pectoral girdle
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
These are large, flat muscles with extensive attachments to the vertebral column
What are the 3 smaller, deeper muscles of the pectoral girdle
Where do they attatch
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
attach the medial border of the scapula to the vertebral column.
Where does the Latissimus dorsi insert
the humerus
What is the action of the trapezius on the scapula?
Upper part: elevates. Middle part: retracts.
Lower part: depresses. Rotates the scapula.
What is the action of the Levator scapulae on the scapula?
elevates, and rotates
What is the action of the Rhomboid major and minor on the scapula?
retracts
What is the action of the lattismus dorsi on the humerus
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
What is the trapezius innervated by
the 11th
cranial nerve; the accessory nerve (spinal root)
What is the lattisums dorsi innervated by
a branch of the brachial plexus called the
thoracodorsal nerve
What are teh 6 muscles that attatch the scapula to the humerus?
Deltoid
Teres major
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Bottom four are rotator cuff muscles
What is the large muscle over the lateral aspect of the shoulder?
What does it attacth the humerus to?
Where does attatch on the scapula?
The Deltoid It attaches the
humerus to the lateral part of the clavicle and to the spine of the scapula
It inserts onto the humerus at a landmark called the deltoid tuberosity
What is the action of the deltoid?
What do the anterior and posterior fibres of this muscle do?
It is a powerful abductor of the shoulder joint. However, deltoid cannot initiate
abduction – another muscle (subscapularis) initiates the first 20 degrees (or so) of abduction before deltoid takes over
the anterior and posterior fibres of deltoid
contribute to flexion and extension of the shoulder, respectively.
What is the innervation of the deltoid
the axillary nerve
Where does the teres major originate and insert?
How does this explain its action
Teres major is an interesting muscle as although it arises from the posterior aspect
of the scapula, it inserts onto the anterior aspect of the humerus. This arrangement
explains its action as a medial rotator and adductor of the shoulder joint
Where do the 4 rotator cuffs origate from ?
from the posterior
surface of the scapula and insert onto the greater tubercle.
What is the quadrilateral space? what travels through it?
This is a square-shaped
space bounded by: teres minor above, teres major below, the long head of triceps
medially and the surgical neck of the humerus laterally. The axillary nerve travels
through this space to enter the posterior scapula region and innervate deltoid
and teres minor.
What rotor cuff muslces laterally rotate?
Teh infraspinatus and teres minor
What is the action of the supraspinatus ?
first 20 degress of abduction
What is the action of the subscapularis?
It is the anterior rotator cuff
Medial rotation
How many muscles are there in the posterior upper arm?
Where does it insert?
1 - the triceps brachii
– the olecranon of the ulna
What are the 3 origins of the 3 heads of the tricpes?
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It is the most medial part of
triceps.
Lateral head: posterior humerus, proximal to the radial groove.
Medial head: posterior humerus, distal to the radial groove
What is the action of the triceps?
What is it innervated by
Extends the elbow
Because of its attachment to the scapula, the long head is able to contribute to
extension of the shoulder joint
all innervated by radial nerve
What is the axilla?
The axilla is the anatomical term for the armpit – the space between the trunk and the
upper arm.
What makes up the :
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Apex
base
of the Axilla?
Anterior wall – pectoralis major and minor
Posterior wall – subscapularis, teres major and latissiumus dorsi
Apex – first rib, clavicle and scapula. It is the passage between the neck and the
axilla
Base – skin and fascia between the chest wall and arm
Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery ?
As it crosses the inferior border of teres major
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus:
C5 and C6 combine to form the superior trunk
C7 continues as the middle trunk
C8 and T1 combine to form the inferior trunk
Just learn the brachail plexus dickhead
seriously.
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
It innervates deltoid and teres
minor and a small region of skin over the upper lateral arm.
What does the Radial nerve innervate?
The radial nerve innervates
triceps in the posterior arm. The radial nerve also innervates all the muscles in the
posterior compartment of the forearm – these muscles are extensors of the wrist
and digits. The radial nerve also innervates regions of skin over the arm, forearm and
hand.
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
the three muscles in the anterior arm
What does the median nerve innervate ?
es most of the muscles of the anterior forearm, which are flexors
of the wrist and digits.
Innervates the small muscles of the thumb
It innervates skin over the
lateral aspect of the palm of the hand and over the lateral digits
What does the ulnar nerve innervate ?
It contains fibres from spinal nerves C8 - T1.
It innervates most of the small muscles in the hand and therefore is vital for
fine movements of the digits.
It also innervates skin over the medial aspect of the hand and medial digits
what are the 3 muscles of the anterior forearm, and what are they innervated by?
What is their action
biceps brachii,
brachialis and coracobrachialis.
All three act as flexors
All three are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
What is the most superficial anterior arm muscle?
The biceps brachii
What do the coracobrachialis and the short head of biceps brachii insert onto?
The coracoid process
Where is the cubital fossa?
What are its contents?
The region anterior to the elbow joint
Really Need (radial nerve) Beer To (biceps tendon) Be At (brachial artery) My Nicest (median nerve).
What is the superficial nerve that travels behind the medial epicondyle?
The ulnar nerve - it is prone to injury
How do the radius and ulnar articulate with the humerus
the trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the
humerus and the radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus.
What are the four muscles lateral to medial on the superficial layer of the anterior wrist?
Where do they attach?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
The medial epicondyle
Brachioradialis comes over on the lateral side, but it is not one of the 4, as it does not insert on the medial epicondyle
What are the four muscles supericidal and anterior innervated by?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
These 3 are innervated by the median nerve (the general rule)
Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve
What is the one muscle in the middle layer of the anterior part of the hand?
What is its innervation
flexor digitorum superficialis
The Median nerve
What are the 3 muscles of the deep layer of the anterior arm?
Describe their layout
Flexor pollicis longus is on the lateral side
Flexor Digitorum profundus is bigger, and more medial
The pronator quadratus is squared shaped and
what are the 3 muscles of the deep anterior arm?
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor Digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus