Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy EK Separated, and some extras > My Histology > Flashcards

My Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you find simple squamous epithelium?

A

Alveoli in lungs

Lining of heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration

Secretes lubricating substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where would you find simple cubodial epithelium?

A

In ducts and secretory portions of small glands

Kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main function of simple cubodial epithelium?

A

to secrete and absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where would you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Ciliated tissues – bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus

Non-ciliated – digestive tract and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

To also absorb and also secrete mucous and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where would you find psuedostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Ciliated - in respiratory epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of psuedostratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucous

Ciliated tissue moves mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where would you find stratfied squamous epithelium?

A

Oesophagus
Mouth
Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelia

A

Protects against abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would you find stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Sweat glands
Salivary glands
Mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Protective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where would you find stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Male urethra

Ducts of some glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Secretion and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where would you find Transitional (urothelium)?

A

Bladder
Urethra
Ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main function of transitional urothelium?

A

Allows urinary organs to expand and stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What things does Haematxylin and Eosin stain? What colours are these?

A

Most common
Haematoxylin – stains acidic structures e.g. nuclei, ribosomes, rough ER, DNA, RNA PURPLE
Eosin – stains basic structures e.g. proteins PINK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What stain would you use to deteich the presence of iron in biological tissues?

A

Pearl’s Prussian blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Nissl Methylene blue stain?

A

Stains rough ER in neurons = Nissl substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does Massons trichrome stain?

A 
Connective tissue technique
Collagen stain
Nuclei and basophils
Collagen
Cytoplasm, muscle, erythrocytes, keratin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Used to stain Periodic Acid Schiff

A

good at staining GLYCOGEN
used to stain specific ceullular compartments, and complex carbs as well as mucin (from from goblet cells of gastro and respiratory basement membranes, brush borders of kidney tubules, small and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Osmium stain for

A

Heavy metal stain
Stains for lipids
Identifying myelinated neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are primordial follciles loctaed?

A

The periphery of the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Waht does FSH cause in the Grannulosa cells?

A

FSH causes grannulosa to change from squamous cells to columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the deepest layer of the endometrium?

A

Stratum basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Superficial part of the endometrium?

A

Straum spongious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What changes can you see in the endometrium during the proliferative stage?

A

Stimulation of proliferating glands
Mitotic activity
Stroma cells are spindled and compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What changes can you see in the endometrium during the Secretory stage?

A

Early Only SUB nuclear vacuoles with glycogen, Coiled Glands

Mid
Tortuous glands
Vacuoles ABOVE AND BELOW the nucleus.
GLANDS ARE MORE ROUNDED

Late- Saw Tooth Glands
Spiral arteries, intraluminal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Blood vessels: What is the Tunica intima? In what vessels do you see it?

A

Its an endothelium, with basement membrane and connective tissue

See in all blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Blood vessels: What is the Internal elastic lamina? In what vessels do you see it?

A

Fenestrated layer of elastin
Hard to see in large elastic vessels as tunica media has many layers of elastin

Seen in both elastic and muscular arteries, and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Blood vessels: What is the Tunica media? In what vessels do you see it?

A 
Smooth muscle
Collagen
Elastin
Thick compared to tunica intima 
Seen in both elastic and muscular arteries, and arterioles and veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Blood vessels: What is the External elastic lamina? In what vessels do you see it?

A

Less defined layer of elastin

Only seen in Elastic and muscular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Blood vessels: What is the Tunica adventita? In what vessels do you see it?

TITET

A

Layer of supporting tissue composed of collagen
Nerve innervation
Blood supply (vasa vasorum)
Continuous with surrounding tissue

Seen in arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, but not capillaries

TITET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the epithelial lining in the trachea and bronchus?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the epithelial lining in the Bronchioles?

A

Simple cudbodail, still ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the epithelial lining in the alveoli?

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What Pneumocyte is bigger? Type 1 or 2

Is there a larger population of type 1 or 2?

A

Type 1 is Flattened, thin as possible - Makes up most of the surface area, but only 40% of the population
Type 2 is bigger 60% of the population, but 10% surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the role/features of type 1 pneumocytes

A

○ Flattened
Thin as possible, and contain few organelles
===> 90% surface area, 40% population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the role/features of type 2 pneumocytes

A

○ Bigger
○ 60% popuation, 10% surface area
○ Rounded cells, with round nucleus
○ Rich in mitochondria, smooth and rough ER
○ PRODUCE SURFACTANT - LOWERS SURFACE TENSION OF LUNGS. Like inflating lungs
§ Made at 28 weeks

40
Q

How many cell layers are there in the air blood barrier? What makes up the air blood barrier?

A

2 cells layers in the air blood barrier!

Type I Pneumonocyte, resting on basement membrane, shared with RBC

41
Q

Histolgy of the heart: what is the name of the loose fibrous tissue between the muscle fibres?

A

Endomysium. It stains/appear white inbetween the striated red cardiac nuclei

42
Q

State some features of cardiac muscle:

A

Thickest layer of teh heart, the myocardium. Striated, with central nuclei, Branches off, and connected by intercalated discs (see pictire

43
Q

What is the epithelium of the nasopharynx?

A

Respiratory epithelium

44
Q

What is the epithelium of the vocal chords?

A

thin, stratified squamous epithelium over irregular fibrous tissue
• Reinkes space

45
Q

What is the epithelium of the nose/nasal cavity?

A

• Keratinising (where fit finger in) non keratinising squamous epithelium (further up where you cant

* Nasal cavity line by respiratory epithelium 
* Loose fibrous connective tissue with Seromucous glands to produce snot, and lots of blood vessels
46
Q

What is the epithelium of the mouth lining?

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHILIUM, KERITIANISED.

47
Q

What is the epithelium of the oesphagus?

A

Contains Longitudinal and circular layers of muscle
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHILIUM
Also has submucosal glands - Secretes mucus to lubricate the food when swallowed

48
Q

What is the epithelium of the false vocal folds?

A

upper - respiratory epithelium

49
Q

What is the epithelium of the true vocal folds?

A

lower - stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

What is the epithelium of the vestibule (the area between true and false vocal folds)?

A

respiratory epithelium

51
Q

What is the epithelium of the bile ducts?

A

Lined simple cuboidal - to - columnar epithelium, on basement
Height epithelial cell lining the duct increase as size of duct increase

52
Q

What is the epithelium of the Gall bladder?

A

Gallbladder concentrates bile by removing water
Simple columnar epithelium, sitting on basement membrane, on specialised mucosa of connective tissue

Has Microvilli!!!

53
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

The lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue that FORMS PART OF THE MOIST LININGS known as mucous membranes or mucosa, which line various tubes in the body, such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract.

54
Q

What is the epithelium in the PCT?

A

Simple Cuboidal
Features a brush boarder with microvilli
Lots of mitochondria so appears eosinophillic

55
Q

What is the epithelium in the THIN segment of the loop of henule?

A

Simple squamous

56
Q

What is the epithelium in the THICK segment of the loop of henule?

A

low cubodial

57
Q

What is the epithelium in the DCT?

What does it secrete?

A
  • The distal convoluted tubule has low cuboidal epithelium and has no brush border
    • It is also much shorter than the proximal ct so it will often look like there are less present when really it’s the same amount
    • The proximal ct contain lots of mitochondria too and so have an eosinophillic cytoplasm
    • Distal convoluted tuble make the urine acidic and are important for regulaing acid base balance
    • It secrets H+ ions and absorbs HCO3-
58
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Outer serosa
Myometrium
Endometrium

59
Q

what are the 3 muscle layers in the myometrium?

A

longitudinal, Circular, then longitudinal smooth muscle again

60
Q

What is the lining of the endocervix?

A

Simple columnar ciliated epithelium

61
Q

What is the lining of the ectocervix?

A

non keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

62
Q

What is the lining of the vagina?

A

non keratinising stratified squamous epithelium (same as ectocerix)

63
Q

What are the histological characteristics of the endometrium in the proliferative phase?

A

Straight glands, no secretions. Stromal and epithelial mitoses.

64
Q

What are the histological characteristics of the endometrium in the early secretory phase?

A

Coiling of glands and subnuclear glycogen vacuoles.

65
Q

What changes happen to the endometrium in the secretory phase?

A

It becomes a secretory tissue: endometrial glands are coiled and filled with glycogen, blood vessels become more numerous and spiralled. Progesterone also inhibits myometrial contractions to ensure that
a fertilized egg can safely implant once it arrives in the uterus.

66
Q

What are the histological characteristics of the endometrium in the late-secretory phase?

A

Prominent spiral arteries and decidualised stroma.

SAW-TOOTH GLANDS with more intraluminal secretions

More secretions and elongated glands.

67
Q

What are the histological characteristics of the endometrium in the mid-secretory phase?

A

Tortuous glands, vacuoles above and below the nucleus, stroma-oedema and secretions.

Glands are more rounded

68
Q

What are the acinus in the pancreas lined with?

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

69
Q

What is the epithelium of the Proximal and distal part of the penile urethra?

A

Proximal part of penile urethra = pseudostratified columnar epithelium

distal part of penile urethra = non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

70
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

71
Q

do the bronchioles have hyaline cartilage?

A

no. They do have a prominent band of smooth muscle though

72
Q

What are the traits seen in the:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

A

Duodenum -relatively smooth lining with few plicae circularis, relatively few goblet cells - Contains BRUNNER’S glands, secrete alkaline mucous

Jejunum - CLOSE PACKED plicae circularis, long and narrow villi. Many goblet cells

ileum - plicae circularis are not as closely packed as jejunum, Goblet cell numbers increased towards the end. Have peyers patches that occupy not only the lamina propria but also penetrate the muscularis mucosa to occupy the submucosa

73
Q

What layer of skin is only found in the sole of feet and palms?

A

Next layer up is the Stratum Lucidum, 2-3 cell layers thick
Translucent, full of dead keratinocytes
Only found in thick skin, like palm and soles of feet

74
Q

What is the layer of the skin where keratinocytes flatten out and die?

A

Stratum Granulosum 3-5 cell layers thick
This is where Keratinocytes FLATTEN OUT AND DIE. Creates Epidermal Skin barrier, Glycolipids are secreted out and cement them together

75
Q

What layer of epidermis has immune cells?

A

Stratum Spinosum 8 - 10 cell layers thick,

Has dendritic cells, that immune cells looking for invading microbes

76
Q

What layer of the skin has Melanocytes? What do melanocytes do?

A

The Stratum Basale also contain Melanocytes , which secrete Melanin
- The melanin in the melaoncytes is stored In Melanosomes

77
Q

What are corneocytes?

A

Corneocytes are terminally differentiated keratinocytes and compose most of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis

78
Q

Skin - What is the uppermost layer?

What is it made up of?

A

Stratum Corneum Uppermost Layer, 20-30 layers of skin
Glycolipid is the cement, Dead keratinised cells are the bricks
The dead Keratinised cells (corneocytes) secrete natural antibiotics
Made up of corneo-desmosomes
and desmosomes
- Corneo-desmosomes (known as adhesion molecules) keep the
corneocytes together

79
Q

what is the epithelium of the tongue on its

a) ventral surface
b) dorsal surface

A

a) - ventral = non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
b) - dorsal = keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

80
Q

what is the epithelium of the mouth?

What about the Lips?

A

Mostly SSNK epithelium, but keratinised areas are common at sites of abrasion
Lips are Stratified squamous Keratinised epithelium

81
Q

What is the epithelium of the peritoneal cavity and the pleural cavity

A

Simple squamous Mesothelium

82
Q

What is type 3 collagen also known as ?

A

Reticulin

TISSUE OF RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM ie. lymph nodes, spleen, liver

Can be seen with a silver stain

83
Q

3 types of cartilage and where they’re found?

A

Hyaline- trachea, SYNOVAIL JOINTS
Elastic- epiglottis and pinna of the ear
Fibrous- intervertebral discs

84
Q

Give type types of collagen and examples

A

Type I - Skin, bone, teeth, capsules of organs
Type II – Cartilage
Type III - Liver, kidney, spleen, arteries, uterus. Type III is also called reticulin.
Type IV - Basement membranes – most important to remember
Type V - Placenta

85
Q

Describe how antibodies are specific to one antigen.

A

Antibodies are bound to antigens via the variable region (1)
- The variable region determines the specificity of the antibody to the different
amino acids that it contains, which change the shape of the antigen binding
site (1)

86
Q

What colour stain for….

Periodic acid Schiff with sugars

A

Pink / magenta

87
Q

What colour stain for….

Van Grieson with elastics

A

brown

88
Q

What colour stain for….

Alcian blue with mucin

A

blue

89
Q

What colour stain for….

Perl’s stain with iron

A

blue

90
Q

What are the two organs lipofuscin is most abundant in?

A

Liver and heart

it is orange/brown colour

91
Q

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

A

Brown adipose tissue (1), White adipose tissue (1)

92
Q

What is the function of brown adipose tissue in a new born?

A

Thermoregulation

93
Q

What is a feature of smooth muscle

A

Non striated
Fibres alot shorter than skeletal muscle fibres
single shaped nucleus
Lacks troponin

94
Q

What is a feature of skeletal muscle

A 
striated 
 under voluntary control.
Mulitnucleated muscle fibres
nuclei that are not central
Non branching
95
Q

What is a feature of cardiac muscle

A

Branching fibres
Centrally located nucleus (occasionally two nuclei per cell)
gap junctions
intercalated discs

96
Q

What is the name of the gaps in

between alveoli that allow the lungs to inflate equally?

A

Pores of Kohn

small communication pathways between alveoli, providing a collateral
pathway to reduce resistance and allow equal inflation of the alveoli.

97
Q

What are clara cells, where are they found?

A

Clara cells are nonciliated bronchiolar secretory cells in the airway -

Anatomy EK Separated, and some extras (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions